Laparoscopic Salpingectomy and Vasectomy to Inhibit Fertility in Free-Ranging Nutrias (Myocastor coypus)

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The nutria (Myocastor coypus), an invasive alien species widely spread in Europe is considered a pest in many regions. Several containment plans have been proposed and, often, euthanasia is the only available option. An alternative approach, based on surgical reproduction control of nutrias is evaluated in the present study. Laparoscopic salpingectomy and vasectomy make it possible to inhibit fertility with prompt recovery and release of the animals back into nature. This technique could be applied in urban and anthropized areas, where application of other control methods could be hindered by public opinion. The outcome of the developed and evaluated procedures suggests that laparoscopic salpingectomy and vasectomy represent an effective, safe, and versatile tool for the management of invasive alien species. ABSTRACT: The nutria (Myocastor coypus), an invasive alien species, is widely spread in Europe. Pursuant to regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014, the nutria is subject to management programs to reduce its spread. Surgical fertility control is considered an acceptable method, particularly in urban circumstances, avoiding euthanasia. To maintain the hormonal patterns and the social and behavioral dynamics, surgical infertilization preserving the gonads (i.e., salpingectomy and vasectomy) is recommended. Mini-invasive surgery is an eligible choice when dealing with wildlife, allowing reduced captivation time. For these reasons, 77 free-ranging nutrias, captured in urban nuclei in Italy, underwent infertilization under general anesthesia; laparoscopic salpingectomy and vasectomy were performed on 32 animals and traditional surgery on the remainder, leaving the gonads in place. A three-port technique was used, with two paramedian trocars (5 mm) for the instruments and a median one for the telescope. Ablation was obtained through Onemytis(®) plasma device, allowing a rapid surgical time with no need to place visceral sutures; the skin was surgically closed. After recovery, the animals were released, and no overt complications were noted. No modification of the behavioral patterns was noted, and the population decreased during the following months.