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Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins

Enterococci are troublesome nosocomial, opportunistic Gram-positive cocci bacteria showing enhanced resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genetic basis of antibiotic resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (MLS) in Enteroco...

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Autores principales: Abu Lila, Amr Selim, Alharby, Tareq Nafea, Alanazi, Jowaher, Alanazi, Muteb, Abdallah, Marwa H., Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish, Moin, Afrasim, Khafagy, El-Sayed, Tabrez, Shams, Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali, Hegazy, Wael A. H.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978327
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030461
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author Abu Lila, Amr Selim
Alharby, Tareq Nafea
Alanazi, Jowaher
Alanazi, Muteb
Abdallah, Marwa H.
Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish
Moin, Afrasim
Khafagy, El-Sayed
Tabrez, Shams
Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali
Hegazy, Wael A. H.
author_facet Abu Lila, Amr Selim
Alharby, Tareq Nafea
Alanazi, Jowaher
Alanazi, Muteb
Abdallah, Marwa H.
Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish
Moin, Afrasim
Khafagy, El-Sayed
Tabrez, Shams
Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali
Hegazy, Wael A. H.
author_sort Abu Lila, Amr Selim
collection PubMed
description Enterococci are troublesome nosocomial, opportunistic Gram-positive cocci bacteria showing enhanced resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genetic basis of antibiotic resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (MLS) in Enterococci, as well as the correlation between MLS resistance and biocide resistance. From 913 clinical isolates collected from King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia, 131 isolates were identified as Enterococci spp. The susceptibility of the clinical enterococcal isolates to several MLS antibiotics was determined, and the resistance phenotype was detected by the triple disk method. The MLS-involved resistance genes were screened in the resistant isolates. The current results showed high resistance rates to MLS antibiotics, and the constitutive resistance to all MLS (cMLS) was the most prevalent phenotype, observed in 76.8% of resistant isolates. By screening the MLS resistance-encoding genes in the resistant isolates, the erythromycin ribosome methylase (erm) genes that are responsible for methylation of bacterial 23S rRNA were the most detected genes, in particular, ermB. The ereA esterase-encoding gene was the most detected MLS modifying-encoding genes, more than lnuA (adenylation) and mphC (phosphorylation). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of commonly used biocides were detected in resistant isolates and correlated with the MICs of MLS antibiotics. The present findings showed a significant correlation between MLS resistance and reduced susceptibility to biocides. In compliance with the high incidence of the efflux-encoding genes, especially mefA and mefE genes in the tolerant isolates with higher MICs to both MLS antibiotics and biocides, the efflux of resistant isolates was quantified, and there was a significant increase in the efflux of resistant isolates with higher MICs as compared to those with lower MICs. This could explain the crucial role of efflux in developing cross-resistance to both MLS antibiotics and biocides.
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spelling pubmed-100446312023-03-29 Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins Abu Lila, Amr Selim Alharby, Tareq Nafea Alanazi, Jowaher Alanazi, Muteb Abdallah, Marwa H. Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish Moin, Afrasim Khafagy, El-Sayed Tabrez, Shams Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali Hegazy, Wael A. H. Antibiotics (Basel) Article Enterococci are troublesome nosocomial, opportunistic Gram-positive cocci bacteria showing enhanced resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and genetic basis of antibiotic resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins (MLS) in Enterococci, as well as the correlation between MLS resistance and biocide resistance. From 913 clinical isolates collected from King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia, 131 isolates were identified as Enterococci spp. The susceptibility of the clinical enterococcal isolates to several MLS antibiotics was determined, and the resistance phenotype was detected by the triple disk method. The MLS-involved resistance genes were screened in the resistant isolates. The current results showed high resistance rates to MLS antibiotics, and the constitutive resistance to all MLS (cMLS) was the most prevalent phenotype, observed in 76.8% of resistant isolates. By screening the MLS resistance-encoding genes in the resistant isolates, the erythromycin ribosome methylase (erm) genes that are responsible for methylation of bacterial 23S rRNA were the most detected genes, in particular, ermB. The ereA esterase-encoding gene was the most detected MLS modifying-encoding genes, more than lnuA (adenylation) and mphC (phosphorylation). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of commonly used biocides were detected in resistant isolates and correlated with the MICs of MLS antibiotics. The present findings showed a significant correlation between MLS resistance and reduced susceptibility to biocides. In compliance with the high incidence of the efflux-encoding genes, especially mefA and mefE genes in the tolerant isolates with higher MICs to both MLS antibiotics and biocides, the efflux of resistant isolates was quantified, and there was a significant increase in the efflux of resistant isolates with higher MICs as compared to those with lower MICs. This could explain the crucial role of efflux in developing cross-resistance to both MLS antibiotics and biocides. MDPI 2023-02-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10044631/ /pubmed/36978327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030461 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abu Lila, Amr Selim
Alharby, Tareq Nafea
Alanazi, Jowaher
Alanazi, Muteb
Abdallah, Marwa H.
Rizvi, Syed Mohd Danish
Moin, Afrasim
Khafagy, El-Sayed
Tabrez, Shams
Al Balushi, Abdullah Ali
Hegazy, Wael A. H.
Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title_full Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title_fullStr Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title_short Clinical Resistant Strains of Enterococci and Their Correlation to Reduced Susceptibility to Biocides: Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis of Macrolides, Lincosamides, and Streptogramins
title_sort clinical resistant strains of enterococci and their correlation to reduced susceptibility to biocides: phenotypic and genotypic analysis of macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10044631/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36978327
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030461
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