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Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics
Over 10(14) symbiotic microorganisms are present in a healthy human body and are responsible for the synthesis of vital vitamins and amino acids, mediating cellular pathways and supporting immunity. However, the deregulation of microbial dynamics can provoke diverse human diseases such as diabetes,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36979806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030827 |
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author | Athanasopoulou, Konstantina Adamopoulos, Panagiotis G. Scorilas, Andreas |
author_facet | Athanasopoulou, Konstantina Adamopoulos, Panagiotis G. Scorilas, Andreas |
author_sort | Athanasopoulou, Konstantina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over 10(14) symbiotic microorganisms are present in a healthy human body and are responsible for the synthesis of vital vitamins and amino acids, mediating cellular pathways and supporting immunity. However, the deregulation of microbial dynamics can provoke diverse human diseases such as diabetes, human cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. The human gastrointestinal tract constitutes a hospitable environment in which a plethora of microbes, including diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, and microeukaryotes as well as viruses, inhabit. In particular, the gut microbiome is the largest microbiome community in the human body and has drawn for decades the attention of scientists for its significance in medical microbiology. Revolutions in sequencing techniques, including 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome sequencing, facilitate the detection of microbiomes and have opened new vistas in the study of human microbiota. Especially, the flourishing fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics aim to detect all genomes and transcriptomes that are retrieved from environmental and human samples. The present review highlights the complexity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and deciphers its implication not only in cellular homeostasis but also in human diseases. Finally, a thorough description of the widely used microbiome detection methods is discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10045138 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100451382023-03-29 Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics Athanasopoulou, Konstantina Adamopoulos, Panagiotis G. Scorilas, Andreas Biomedicines Review Over 10(14) symbiotic microorganisms are present in a healthy human body and are responsible for the synthesis of vital vitamins and amino acids, mediating cellular pathways and supporting immunity. However, the deregulation of microbial dynamics can provoke diverse human diseases such as diabetes, human cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. The human gastrointestinal tract constitutes a hospitable environment in which a plethora of microbes, including diverse species of archaea, bacteria, fungi, and microeukaryotes as well as viruses, inhabit. In particular, the gut microbiome is the largest microbiome community in the human body and has drawn for decades the attention of scientists for its significance in medical microbiology. Revolutions in sequencing techniques, including 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing and whole genome sequencing, facilitate the detection of microbiomes and have opened new vistas in the study of human microbiota. Especially, the flourishing fields of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics aim to detect all genomes and transcriptomes that are retrieved from environmental and human samples. The present review highlights the complexity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiome and deciphers its implication not only in cellular homeostasis but also in human diseases. Finally, a thorough description of the widely used microbiome detection methods is discussed. MDPI 2023-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10045138/ /pubmed/36979806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030827 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Athanasopoulou, Konstantina Adamopoulos, Panagiotis G. Scorilas, Andreas Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title | Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title_full | Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title_fullStr | Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title_short | Unveiling the Human Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome: The Past, Present, and Future of Metagenomics |
title_sort | unveiling the human gastrointestinal tract microbiome: the past, present, and future of metagenomics |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10045138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36979806 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030827 |
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