Glioblastoma: A Retrospective Analysis of the Role of the Maximal Surgical Resection on Overall Survival and Progression Free Survival

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults; despite advances in the understanding of GBM pathogenesis, significant achievements in treating this disease are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the extent of surgical resection (EOR), beyond the neoplastic mass, on the overall survival (OS). Methods: A retrospective review of a single-institution glioblastoma patient database (January 2012–September 2021) was undertaken. The series is composed of 64 patients who underwent surgery at the University Department of Neurosurgery of Ancona; the series was divided into four groups based on the amount of tumor mass excision with the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) abnormalities (SUPr-supratotal resection, GTR-gross total resection, STR-subtotal resection, BIOPSY). The hypothesis was that the maximal resection of FLAIR abnormalities may improve the overall survival compared to the resection of the visible T1 contrast-enhanced neoplastic area only. Results: In the univariate analysis, SUPr and GTR are correlated with the overall survival (p = 0.001); the percentage of total neoplastic removal threshold conditioning outcome was 90% (p = 0.027). These results were confirmed by the multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Maximal surgical resection, when feasible, involving areas of FLAIR abnormalities represents an advantageous approach for the OS in GBM patients.