MACC1 as a Potential Target for the Treatment and Prevention of Breast Cancer

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Despite significant advances in treatment, breast cancer continues to be prevalent around the world. Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) has been shown to be involved in the progression of more than 20 different types of cancer, including breast cancer, and performs specific functions in different cancers. MACC1’s biological role, molecular mechanism, and pathway are important for understanding cancer progression. MACC1 is highly expressed in breast cancer and has been linked to metastasis, staging, and a poor prognosis. This review article attempts to elucidate the prognostic value of MACC1 expression in breast cancer, its role in immune and anti-radiation therapy, and the network regulatory mechanisms involved, and discusses the application of MACC1 in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It is hoped that the use of MACC1 as a biomarker in breast cancer surveillance and clinical guidance can be promoted. ABSTRACT: Metastasis associated in colon cancer 1 (MACC1) is an oncogene first identified in colon cancer. MACC1 has been identified in more than 20 different types of solid cancers. It is a key prognostic biomarker in clinical practice and is involved in recurrence, metastasis, and survival in many types of human cancers. MACC1 is significantly associated with the primary tumor, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis classification, and clinical staging in patients with breast cancer (BC), and MACC1 overexpression is associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) and worse overall survival (OS) in patients. In addition, MACC1 is involved in BC progression in multiple ways. MACC1 promotes the immune escape of BC cells by affecting the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Since the FGD5AS1/miR-497/MACC1 axis inhibits the apoptotic pathway in radiation-resistant BC tissues and cell lines, the MACC1 gene may play an important role in BC resistance to radiation. Since MACC1 is involved in numerous biological processes inside and outside BC cells, it is a key player in the tumor microenvironment. Focusing on MACC1, this article briefly discusses its biological effects, emphasizes its molecular mechanisms and pathways of action, and describes its use in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer.