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Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product produced by the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of worker honeybees which has attracted special attention because of its numerous pharmacological activities and its applications to dermatology and cosmetics. In 2020, we demonstrated a liquid chromatography–high...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10046394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36979357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030424 |
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author | Mantzourani, Christiana Kokotou, Maroula G. |
author_facet | Mantzourani, Christiana Kokotou, Maroula G. |
author_sort | Mantzourani, Christiana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product produced by the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of worker honeybees which has attracted special attention because of its numerous pharmacological activities and its applications to dermatology and cosmetics. In 2020, we demonstrated a liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) method for the determination of seven medium-chain FFAs in RJ samples. The aim of the present work was to extend our studies on FA profiling of RJ, exploring the presence of common long-chain saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated free FAs in RJ samples using this LC–HRMS method. Among twenty common FAs studied by a targeted approach, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid were found at concentrations higher than the rest of the FAs (the concentrations of these three acids ranged from 37.4 to 48.0, from 17.7 to 24.0 and from 9.4 to 11.1 mg/100 g of fresh RJ, respectively). The high mass accuracy of LC–HRMS allowed the application of a suspect approach, which enabled the exploration of various C9 and C11 FAs, as well as hydroxylated C12 FAs. Nonenoic acid was indicated as the most abundant among these acids. In addition, for the first time, the presence of a variety of regio-isomers of hydroxymyristic, hydroxypalmitic and hydroxystearic acids was demonstrated in RJ samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10046394 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100463942023-03-29 Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Mantzourani, Christiana Kokotou, Maroula G. Biomolecules Communication Royal jelly (RJ) is a bee product produced by the mandibular and hypopharyngeal glands of worker honeybees which has attracted special attention because of its numerous pharmacological activities and its applications to dermatology and cosmetics. In 2020, we demonstrated a liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) method for the determination of seven medium-chain FFAs in RJ samples. The aim of the present work was to extend our studies on FA profiling of RJ, exploring the presence of common long-chain saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated free FAs in RJ samples using this LC–HRMS method. Among twenty common FAs studied by a targeted approach, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid were found at concentrations higher than the rest of the FAs (the concentrations of these three acids ranged from 37.4 to 48.0, from 17.7 to 24.0 and from 9.4 to 11.1 mg/100 g of fresh RJ, respectively). The high mass accuracy of LC–HRMS allowed the application of a suspect approach, which enabled the exploration of various C9 and C11 FAs, as well as hydroxylated C12 FAs. Nonenoic acid was indicated as the most abundant among these acids. In addition, for the first time, the presence of a variety of regio-isomers of hydroxymyristic, hydroxypalmitic and hydroxystearic acids was demonstrated in RJ samples. MDPI 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10046394/ /pubmed/36979357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030424 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Mantzourani, Christiana Kokotou, Maroula G. Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title | Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title_full | Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title_fullStr | Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title_full_unstemmed | Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title_short | Targeted and Suspect Fatty Acid Profiling of Royal Jelly by Liquid Chromatography—High Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
title_sort | targeted and suspect fatty acid profiling of royal jelly by liquid chromatography—high resolution mass spectrometry |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10046394/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36979357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13030424 |
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