Is Pediatric Melanoma Really That Different from Adult Melanoma? A Multicenter Epidemiological, Clinical and Dermoscopic Study

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The salient clinical and epidemiological features, dermoscopic findings, and the clinical course of pediatric melanoma have not been well identified. Currently, the management of pediatric melanoma is based on adult guidelines, as specific treatment recommendations for children are unavailable. The most common dermoscopic feature of pediatric melanoma is the presence of irregular streaks/pseudopods (74.36%). When evaluating the total number of different dermoscopy criteria per lesion, 64.1% of the lesion assessments recognized two dermoscopic characteristics, 20.5% identified three, and 15.4% of the assessments documented four or more. All the pediatric melanomas analyzed presented at least two dermoscopic criteria of melanoma, suggesting that this could be a key for the dermoscopic diagnosis of suspected pediatric melanoma and making it possible to reach an early diagnosis even in this age group. ABSTRACT: Purpose: To improve the diagnostic accuracy and optimal management of pediatric melanomas. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive, multicenter study of the epidemiological, clinical, and dermoscopic characteristics of histopathologically proven melanomas diagnosed in patients less than 18 years old. Data on sociodemographic variables, clinical and dermoscopic characteristics, histopathology, local extension, therapy and follow-up, lymph node staging, and outcome were collected from the databases of three Italian dermatology units. We performed a clinical evaluation of the morphological characteristics of each assessed melanoma, using both classic ABCDE criteria and the modified ABCDE algorithm for pediatric melanoma to evaluate which of the two algorithms best suited our series. Results: The study population consisted of 39 patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of pediatric melanoma. Comparing classic ABCDE criteria with the modified ABCDE algorithm for pediatric melanomas, the modified pediatric ABCDE algorithm was less sensitive than the conventional criteria. Dermoscopically, the most frequent finding was the presence of irregular streaks/pseudopods (74.4%). When evaluating the total number of different suspicious dermoscopy criteria per lesion, 64.1% of the lesion assessments recognized two dermoscopic characteristics, 20.5% identified three, and 15.4% documented four or more assessments. Conclusions: Contrary to what has always been described in the literature, from a clinical point of view, about 95% of our cases presented in a pigmented and non-amelanotic form, and these data must be underlined in the various prevention campaigns where pediatric melanoma is currently associated with a more frequently amelanotic form. All the pediatric melanomas analyzed presented at least two dermoscopic criteria of melanoma, suggesting that this could be a key for the dermoscopic diagnosis of suspected pediatric melanoma, making it possible to reach an early diagnosis even in this age group.