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Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) increases the risk of distant metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. However, it remains unclear how tumor cells in PTC patients with LNM evade immune system surveillance and proceed to colonize distant organs. Here, we comprehensively characteriz...

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Autores principales: Amanullah, Md, Pan, Meidie, Lu, Kaining, Pan, Xiaoqing, Lu, Yan, Luo, Dingcun, Liu, Pengyuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10046895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36975413
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30030200
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author Amanullah, Md
Pan, Meidie
Lu, Kaining
Pan, Xiaoqing
Lu, Yan
Luo, Dingcun
Liu, Pengyuan
author_facet Amanullah, Md
Pan, Meidie
Lu, Kaining
Pan, Xiaoqing
Lu, Yan
Luo, Dingcun
Liu, Pengyuan
author_sort Amanullah, Md
collection PubMed
description Regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) increases the risk of distant metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. However, it remains unclear how tumor cells in PTC patients with LNM evade immune system surveillance and proceed to colonize distant organs. Here, we comprehensively characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune cell landscape in PTC with LNM. LNM-related genes include multiple important soluble mediators such as CXCL6, IL37, MMP10, and COL11A1, along with genes involved in areas such as extracellular matrix organization and TLR regulation by endogenous ligands. In PTC without LNM, the tumor infiltration of activated dendritic cells and M0 macrophages showed increases from normal cells, but with yet greater increases and correspondingly worse prognosis in PTC with LNM. Conversely, the tumor infiltration of activated NK cells and eosinophils was decreased in PTC without LNM, as compared to normal cells, and yet further decreased in PTC with LNM, with such decreases associated with poor prognosis. We further demonstrate that mutations of driver genes in tumor cells influence the infiltration of surrounding immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Particularly, patients carrying TG mutations tend to show increased filtration of M2 macrophages and activated NK cells in the TME, whereas patients carrying HRAS mutations tend to show reduced filtration of M0 macrophages and show enhanced filtration of activated dendritic cells in the TME. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of regional lymph node metastasis in PTC and its associated tumor microenvironment, potentially facilitating the development of personalized treatment regimens to combat immunotherapy failure.
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spelling pubmed-100468952023-03-29 Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer Amanullah, Md Pan, Meidie Lu, Kaining Pan, Xiaoqing Lu, Yan Luo, Dingcun Liu, Pengyuan Curr Oncol Article Regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) increases the risk of distant metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. However, it remains unclear how tumor cells in PTC patients with LNM evade immune system surveillance and proceed to colonize distant organs. Here, we comprehensively characterize the tumor-infiltrating immune cell landscape in PTC with LNM. LNM-related genes include multiple important soluble mediators such as CXCL6, IL37, MMP10, and COL11A1, along with genes involved in areas such as extracellular matrix organization and TLR regulation by endogenous ligands. In PTC without LNM, the tumor infiltration of activated dendritic cells and M0 macrophages showed increases from normal cells, but with yet greater increases and correspondingly worse prognosis in PTC with LNM. Conversely, the tumor infiltration of activated NK cells and eosinophils was decreased in PTC without LNM, as compared to normal cells, and yet further decreased in PTC with LNM, with such decreases associated with poor prognosis. We further demonstrate that mutations of driver genes in tumor cells influence the infiltration of surrounding immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Particularly, patients carrying TG mutations tend to show increased filtration of M2 macrophages and activated NK cells in the TME, whereas patients carrying HRAS mutations tend to show reduced filtration of M0 macrophages and show enhanced filtration of activated dendritic cells in the TME. These findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of regional lymph node metastasis in PTC and its associated tumor microenvironment, potentially facilitating the development of personalized treatment regimens to combat immunotherapy failure. MDPI 2023-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10046895/ /pubmed/36975413 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30030200 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Amanullah, Md
Pan, Meidie
Lu, Kaining
Pan, Xiaoqing
Lu, Yan
Luo, Dingcun
Liu, Pengyuan
Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title_full Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title_fullStr Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title_short Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cell Landscapes in the Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
title_sort tumor-infiltrating immune cell landscapes in the lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10046895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36975413
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30030200
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