The Possible Effect of the Long-Term Use of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RA) on Hba1c and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study in KAUH, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with serious health complications. T2DM is associated with many chronic illnesses, including kidney failure, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), vision loss, and other related diseases. Obesity is one of the major factors associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Recently, the development of GLP-1 Receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) showed great therapeutic potential for T2DM. Aim: To retrospectively investigate the association of the long-term use of GLP-1RA therapy in T2DM patients with HbA1c levels and dyslipidemia. (2) Methods: Retrospective data collection and analysis of demographic, clinical records, and biochemical parameters were carried out for 72 T2DM taking GLP-1RA treatments for six months. (3) Results: A total of 72 T2DM patients with a mean age = 55 (28 male and 44 female) were divided into two groups. Group 1 received statins (n = 63), and group 2 did not receive statins (n = 9). The GLP-1RA effect on BMI was significantly decreased in group 1 (p < 0.01). A significant effect was observed for HbA1c in both groups for six months of treatment duration (p < 0.05). The AST levels significantly decreased in group 2 from 25.2 to 19.4 U\L (p = 0.011). (4) Conclusions: GLP-1RA treatments were associated with weight reduction and improved glycemic control for T2DM patients. Moreover, it is suggested that it has anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, no direct association was found with the lipid profile in all groups of T2DM.