The Potential of Adding Mammography to Handheld Ultrasound or Automated Breast Ultrasound to Reduce Unnecessary Biopsies in BI-RADS Ultrasound Category 4a: A Multicenter Hospital-Based Study in China

The appropriate management strategies for BI-RADS category 4a lesions among handheld ultrasound (HHUS) remain a matter of debate. We aimed to explore the role of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) or the second-look mammography (MAM) adjunct to ultrasound (US) of 4a masses to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Women aged 30 to 69 underwent HHUS and ABUS from 2016 to 2017 at five high-level hospitals in China, with those aged 40 or older also accepting MAM. Logistic regression analysis assessed image variables correlated with false-positive lesions in US category 4a. Unnecessary biopsies, invasive cancer (IC) yields, and diagnostic performance among different biopsy thresholds were compared. A total of 1946 women (44.9 ± 9.8 years) were eligible for analysis. The false-positive rate of category 4a in ABUS was almost 65.81% (77/117), which was similar to HHUS (67.55%; 127/188). Orientation, architectural distortion, and duct change were independent factors associated with the false-positive lesions in 4a of HHUS, whereas postmenopausal, calcification, and architectural distortion were significant features of ABUS (all p < 0.05). For HHUS, both unnecessary biopsy rate and IC yields were significantly reduced when changing biopsy thresholds by adding MAM for US 4a in the total population (scenario #1:BI-RADS 3, 4, and 5; scenario #2: BI-RADS 4 and 5) compared with the current scenario (all p < 0.05). Notably, scenario #1 reduced false-positive biopsies without affecting IC yields when compared to the current scenario for ABUS (p < 0.001; p = 0.125). The higher unnecessary biopsy rate of category 4a by ABUS was similar to HHUS. However, the second-look MAM adjunct to ABUS has the potential to safely reduce false-positive biopsies compared with HHUS.