Cargando…
A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth
Teeth are known to be reliable substrates for human identification and are endowed with significant sexual dimorphism not only in the size but also in the shape of the crowns. In the preliminary phase of our study (already published in 2021), a novel sex estimation method based on dental morphometri...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060845 |
_version_ | 1785014073613615104 |
---|---|
author | Bianchi, Ilenia Oliva, Giorgio Vitale, Giulia Bellugi, Beatrice Bertana, Giorgio Focardi, Martina Grassi, Simone Dalessandri, Domenico Pinchi, Vilma |
author_facet | Bianchi, Ilenia Oliva, Giorgio Vitale, Giulia Bellugi, Beatrice Bertana, Giorgio Focardi, Martina Grassi, Simone Dalessandri, Domenico Pinchi, Vilma |
author_sort | Bianchi, Ilenia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Teeth are known to be reliable substrates for human identification and are endowed with significant sexual dimorphism not only in the size but also in the shape of the crowns. In the preliminary phase of our study (already published in 2021), a novel sex estimation method based on dental morphometric geometric (GMA) analysis combined with the artificial neural network (ANN) was developed and validated on a single dental element (first upper premolar) with an accuracy rate of 80%. This study aims to experiment and validate the combination of GMA–ANN on the upper first and second left premolars and the upper left first molar to obtain a reliable classification model based on the sexual dimorphic traits of multiple maxillary teeth of Caucasian Italian adults (115 males and 115 females). A general procrustes superimposition (GPS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to study the shape variance between the sexes and to reduce the data variations. The “set-aside” approach was used to validate the accuracy of the proposed ANN. As the main findings, the proposed method correctly classified 94% of females and 68% of males from the test sample and the overall accuracy gained was 82%, higher than the odontometric methods that similarly consider multiple teeth. The shape variation between male and female premolars represents the best dimorphic feature compared with the first upper molar. Future research could overcome some limitations by considering a larger sample of subjects and experimenting with the use of computer vision for automatic landmark positioning and should verify the present evidence in samples with different ancestry. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10048010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100480102023-03-29 A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth Bianchi, Ilenia Oliva, Giorgio Vitale, Giulia Bellugi, Beatrice Bertana, Giorgio Focardi, Martina Grassi, Simone Dalessandri, Domenico Pinchi, Vilma Healthcare (Basel) Article Teeth are known to be reliable substrates for human identification and are endowed with significant sexual dimorphism not only in the size but also in the shape of the crowns. In the preliminary phase of our study (already published in 2021), a novel sex estimation method based on dental morphometric geometric (GMA) analysis combined with the artificial neural network (ANN) was developed and validated on a single dental element (first upper premolar) with an accuracy rate of 80%. This study aims to experiment and validate the combination of GMA–ANN on the upper first and second left premolars and the upper left first molar to obtain a reliable classification model based on the sexual dimorphic traits of multiple maxillary teeth of Caucasian Italian adults (115 males and 115 females). A general procrustes superimposition (GPS) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to study the shape variance between the sexes and to reduce the data variations. The “set-aside” approach was used to validate the accuracy of the proposed ANN. As the main findings, the proposed method correctly classified 94% of females and 68% of males from the test sample and the overall accuracy gained was 82%, higher than the odontometric methods that similarly consider multiple teeth. The shape variation between male and female premolars represents the best dimorphic feature compared with the first upper molar. Future research could overcome some limitations by considering a larger sample of subjects and experimenting with the use of computer vision for automatic landmark positioning and should verify the present evidence in samples with different ancestry. MDPI 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10048010/ /pubmed/36981501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060845 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bianchi, Ilenia Oliva, Giorgio Vitale, Giulia Bellugi, Beatrice Bertana, Giorgio Focardi, Martina Grassi, Simone Dalessandri, Domenico Pinchi, Vilma A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title | A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title_full | A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title_fullStr | A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title_full_unstemmed | A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title_short | A Semi-Automatic Method on a Small Italian Sample for Estimating Sex Based on the Shape of the Crown of the Maxillary Posterior Teeth |
title_sort | semi-automatic method on a small italian sample for estimating sex based on the shape of the crown of the maxillary posterior teeth |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981501 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060845 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bianchiilenia asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT olivagiorgio asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT vitalegiulia asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT bellugibeatrice asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT bertanagiorgio asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT focardimartina asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT grassisimone asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT dalessandridomenico asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT pinchivilma asemiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT bianchiilenia semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT olivagiorgio semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT vitalegiulia semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT bellugibeatrice semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT bertanagiorgio semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT focardimartina semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT grassisimone semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT dalessandridomenico semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth AT pinchivilma semiautomaticmethodonasmallitaliansampleforestimatingsexbasedontheshapeofthecrownofthemaxillaryposteriorteeth |