Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland)
This paper presents an analysis of the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals (HM) in street dust in Suwałki, a city located in northeastern Poland. The HM content of street dust was also evaluated using the geochemical index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), a...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048270/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064687 |
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author | Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław Trybułowski, Łukasz Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta |
author_facet | Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław Trybułowski, Łukasz Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta |
author_sort | Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper presents an analysis of the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals (HM) in street dust in Suwałki, a city located in northeastern Poland. The HM content of street dust was also evaluated using the geochemical index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), and local HM sources were identified using chemometric methods. The arithmetic averages of HM contents in dust arranged in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb, were 11,692.80, 215.97, 194.78, 142.84, 63.59, 17.50, 17.04 mg∙kg(−1), respectively. Higher values than the local background occurred for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. The values of Igeo, CF, and EF indicate that the highest pollution in dust is due to Zn and Cu. The spatial distribution of metals was evaluated using maps of HM content in road dust samples from Suwałki. The spatial distribution of HM showed areas with high contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb located mainly in the central and eastern parts of the city. In these areas, high traffic volume, the presence of shopping centers, administrative buildings and bus stops dominate. Statistical models of multivariate analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) identified two sources of HM. The first source of pollution was associated with local industrial activity and motor vehicle travel, and the second with natural sources. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10048270 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100482702023-03-29 Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław Trybułowski, Łukasz Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta Int J Environ Res Public Health Article This paper presents an analysis of the content and spatial distribution of heavy metals (HM) in street dust in Suwałki, a city located in northeastern Poland. The HM content of street dust was also evaluated using the geochemical index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and contamination factor (CF), and local HM sources were identified using chemometric methods. The arithmetic averages of HM contents in dust arranged in the following order: Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb, were 11,692.80, 215.97, 194.78, 142.84, 63.59, 17.50, 17.04 mg∙kg(−1), respectively. Higher values than the local background occurred for Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb. The values of Igeo, CF, and EF indicate that the highest pollution in dust is due to Zn and Cu. The spatial distribution of metals was evaluated using maps of HM content in road dust samples from Suwałki. The spatial distribution of HM showed areas with high contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb located mainly in the central and eastern parts of the city. In these areas, high traffic volume, the presence of shopping centers, administrative buildings and bus stops dominate. Statistical models of multivariate analysis (FA) and cluster analysis (CA) identified two sources of HM. The first source of pollution was associated with local industrial activity and motor vehicle travel, and the second with natural sources. MDPI 2023-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC10048270/ /pubmed/36981596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064687 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Skorbiłowicz, Mirosław Trybułowski, Łukasz Skorbiłowicz, Elżbieta Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title | Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title_full | Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title_fullStr | Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title_short | Spatial Distribution and Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Street Dust of the City of Suwałki (Poland) |
title_sort | spatial distribution and pollution level of heavy metals in street dust of the city of suwałki (poland) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048270/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064687 |
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