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TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Telomeres are structures made of DNA, proteins and RNA found at the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. These dynamic nucleoprotein structures protect chromosomal tips from end-to-end fusions, degradation, activation of damage checkpoints and erroneous DNA repair events. Telomeres were thought to...

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Autores principales: Zeinoun, Bechara, Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Barascu, Aurélia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36980890
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030618
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author Zeinoun, Bechara
Teixeira, Maria Teresa
Barascu, Aurélia
author_facet Zeinoun, Bechara
Teixeira, Maria Teresa
Barascu, Aurélia
author_sort Zeinoun, Bechara
collection PubMed
description Telomeres are structures made of DNA, proteins and RNA found at the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. These dynamic nucleoprotein structures protect chromosomal tips from end-to-end fusions, degradation, activation of damage checkpoints and erroneous DNA repair events. Telomeres were thought to be transcriptionally silent regions because of their constitutive heterochromatin signature until telomeric long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were discovered. One of them, TERRA (TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA), starts in the subtelomeric regions towards the chromosome ends from different telomeres and has been extensively studied in many evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Changes in TERRA’s expression can lead to telomeric dysfunction, interfere with the replicative machinery and impact telomere length. TERRA also co-localizes in vivo with telomerase, and can form RNA:DNA hybrid structures called R-loops, which have been implicated in the onset of senescence and the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involving TERRA, as well as its function, remain elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge of TERRA transcription, structure, expression, regulation and its multiple telomeric and extra-telomeric functions in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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spelling pubmed-100484482023-03-29 TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Zeinoun, Bechara Teixeira, Maria Teresa Barascu, Aurélia Genes (Basel) Review Telomeres are structures made of DNA, proteins and RNA found at the ends of eukaryotic linear chromosomes. These dynamic nucleoprotein structures protect chromosomal tips from end-to-end fusions, degradation, activation of damage checkpoints and erroneous DNA repair events. Telomeres were thought to be transcriptionally silent regions because of their constitutive heterochromatin signature until telomeric long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) were discovered. One of them, TERRA (TElomeric Repeat-containing RNA), starts in the subtelomeric regions towards the chromosome ends from different telomeres and has been extensively studied in many evolutionarily distant eukaryotes. Changes in TERRA’s expression can lead to telomeric dysfunction, interfere with the replicative machinery and impact telomere length. TERRA also co-localizes in vivo with telomerase, and can form RNA:DNA hybrid structures called R-loops, which have been implicated in the onset of senescence and the alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involving TERRA, as well as its function, remain elusive. Here, we review the current knowledge of TERRA transcription, structure, expression, regulation and its multiple telomeric and extra-telomeric functions in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MDPI 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10048448/ /pubmed/36980890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030618 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zeinoun, Bechara
Teixeira, Maria Teresa
Barascu, Aurélia
TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title_full TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title_fullStr TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title_full_unstemmed TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title_short TERRA and Telomere Maintenance in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
title_sort terra and telomere maintenance in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36980890
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030618
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