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More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes
The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxatio...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048515/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030539 |
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author | Salamon, Peter Andresen, Bjarne Nulton, James Roach, Ty N. F. Rohwer, Forest |
author_facet | Salamon, Peter Andresen, Bjarne Nulton, James Roach, Ty N. F. Rohwer, Forest |
author_sort | Salamon, Peter |
collection | PubMed |
description | The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxation step into two will result in a new sequence that is more efficient than the original one. This results in a more-steps-the-better rule, even when the new sequence of steps is not reoptimized. This superiority of many steps is well established empirically in, e.g., insulation and separation applications. In particular, the fact that the division of any step into two steps improves the overall efficiency has interesting implications for biological evolution and emphasizes thermodynamic length as a central measure for dissipation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10048515 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100485152023-03-29 More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes Salamon, Peter Andresen, Bjarne Nulton, James Roach, Ty N. F. Rohwer, Forest Entropy (Basel) Article The dissipation in an irreversible step process is reduced when the number of steps is increased in any refinement of the steps in the process. This is a consequence of the ladder theorem, which states that, for any irreversible process proceeding by a sequence of relaxations, dividing any relaxation step into two will result in a new sequence that is more efficient than the original one. This results in a more-steps-the-better rule, even when the new sequence of steps is not reoptimized. This superiority of many steps is well established empirically in, e.g., insulation and separation applications. In particular, the fact that the division of any step into two steps improves the overall efficiency has interesting implications for biological evolution and emphasizes thermodynamic length as a central measure for dissipation. MDPI 2023-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10048515/ /pubmed/36981427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030539 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Salamon, Peter Andresen, Bjarne Nulton, James Roach, Ty N. F. Rohwer, Forest More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title | More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title_full | More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title_fullStr | More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title_full_unstemmed | More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title_short | More Stages Decrease Dissipation in Irreversible Step Processes |
title_sort | more stages decrease dissipation in irreversible step processes |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10048515/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36981427 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030539 |
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