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Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay?
Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065315 |
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author | Rawee, Pien Kremer, Daan Nolte, Ilja M. Leuvenink, Henri G. D. Touw, Daan J. De Borst, Martin H. Bakker, Stephan J. L. Hanudel, Mark R. Eisenga, Michele F. |
author_facet | Rawee, Pien Kremer, Daan Nolte, Ilja M. Leuvenink, Henri G. D. Touw, Daan J. De Borst, Martin H. Bakker, Stephan J. L. Hanudel, Mark R. Eisenga, Michele F. |
author_sort | Rawee, Pien |
collection | PubMed |
description | Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression, which may be explained by the well-established nephrotoxic effects of these metals. In this hypothesis and narrative literature review, we will shed light on the potential role that another highly common problem in patients with CKD, iron deficiency, may play in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in this patient group. Iron deficiency has previously been linked with an increased uptake of heavy metals in the intestine due to the upregulation of iron receptors that also take up other metals. Furthermore, recent research suggests a role of iron deficiency in the retention of heavy metals in the kidney. Therefore, we hypothesize that iron deficiency plays a crucial role in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in patients with CKD and that iron supplementation might be a strategy to combat these detrimental processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10049453 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100494532023-03-29 Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? Rawee, Pien Kremer, Daan Nolte, Ilja M. Leuvenink, Henri G. D. Touw, Daan J. De Borst, Martin H. Bakker, Stephan J. L. Hanudel, Mark R. Eisenga, Michele F. Int J Mol Sci Hypothesis Heavy metals are common in our environment, and all individuals are exposed to them to some extent. These toxic metals have several harmful effects on the body, including the kidney, which is a very sensitive organ. Indeed, heavy metal exposure has been linked to an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression, which may be explained by the well-established nephrotoxic effects of these metals. In this hypothesis and narrative literature review, we will shed light on the potential role that another highly common problem in patients with CKD, iron deficiency, may play in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in this patient group. Iron deficiency has previously been linked with an increased uptake of heavy metals in the intestine due to the upregulation of iron receptors that also take up other metals. Furthermore, recent research suggests a role of iron deficiency in the retention of heavy metals in the kidney. Therefore, we hypothesize that iron deficiency plays a crucial role in the damaging effects of heavy metal exposure in patients with CKD and that iron supplementation might be a strategy to combat these detrimental processes. MDPI 2023-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10049453/ /pubmed/36982393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065315 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Hypothesis Rawee, Pien Kremer, Daan Nolte, Ilja M. Leuvenink, Henri G. D. Touw, Daan J. De Borst, Martin H. Bakker, Stephan J. L. Hanudel, Mark R. Eisenga, Michele F. Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title | Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title_full | Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title_fullStr | Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title_full_unstemmed | Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title_short | Iron Deficiency and Nephrotoxic Heavy Metals: A Dangerous Interplay? |
title_sort | iron deficiency and nephrotoxic heavy metals: a dangerous interplay? |
topic | Hypothesis |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049453/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982393 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065315 |
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