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The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies
Pregnancy is a fascinating immunological paradox: the semi-allogeneic fetus generally grows without any complications. In the placenta, fetal trophoblast cells come into contact with maternal immune cells. Inaccurate or inadequate adaptations of the maternal immune system could lead to problems with...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065300 |
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author | Krop, Juliette Tian, Xuezi van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise Eikmans, Michael |
author_facet | Krop, Juliette Tian, Xuezi van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise Eikmans, Michael |
author_sort | Krop, Juliette |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pregnancy is a fascinating immunological paradox: the semi-allogeneic fetus generally grows without any complications. In the placenta, fetal trophoblast cells come into contact with maternal immune cells. Inaccurate or inadequate adaptations of the maternal immune system could lead to problems with the functioning of the placenta. Macrophages are important for tissue homeostasis, cleanup, and the repair of damaged tissues. This is crucial for a rapidly developing organ such as the placenta. The consensus on macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface in pregnancy is that a major proportion have an anti-inflammatory, M2-like phenotype, that expresses scavenger receptors and is involved in tissue remodeling and the dampening of the immune reactions. Recent multidimensional analyses have contributed to a more detailed outlook on macrophages. The new view is that this lineage represents a highly diverse phenotype and is more prevalent than previously thought. Spatial-temporal in situ analyses during gestation have identified unique interactions of macrophages both with trophoblasts and with T cells at different trimesters of pregnancy. Here, we elaborate on the role of macrophages during early human pregnancy and at later gestation. Their possible effect is reviewed in the context of HLA incompatibility between mother and fetus, first in naturally conceived pregnancies, but foremost in pregnancies after oocyte donation. The potential functional consequences of macrophages for pregnancy-related immune reactions and the outcome in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss are also discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10049527 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100495272023-03-29 The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies Krop, Juliette Tian, Xuezi van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise Eikmans, Michael Int J Mol Sci Review Pregnancy is a fascinating immunological paradox: the semi-allogeneic fetus generally grows without any complications. In the placenta, fetal trophoblast cells come into contact with maternal immune cells. Inaccurate or inadequate adaptations of the maternal immune system could lead to problems with the functioning of the placenta. Macrophages are important for tissue homeostasis, cleanup, and the repair of damaged tissues. This is crucial for a rapidly developing organ such as the placenta. The consensus on macrophages at the maternal-fetal interface in pregnancy is that a major proportion have an anti-inflammatory, M2-like phenotype, that expresses scavenger receptors and is involved in tissue remodeling and the dampening of the immune reactions. Recent multidimensional analyses have contributed to a more detailed outlook on macrophages. The new view is that this lineage represents a highly diverse phenotype and is more prevalent than previously thought. Spatial-temporal in situ analyses during gestation have identified unique interactions of macrophages both with trophoblasts and with T cells at different trimesters of pregnancy. Here, we elaborate on the role of macrophages during early human pregnancy and at later gestation. Their possible effect is reviewed in the context of HLA incompatibility between mother and fetus, first in naturally conceived pregnancies, but foremost in pregnancies after oocyte donation. The potential functional consequences of macrophages for pregnancy-related immune reactions and the outcome in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss are also discussed. MDPI 2023-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10049527/ /pubmed/36982375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065300 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Krop, Juliette Tian, Xuezi van der Hoorn, Marie-Louise Eikmans, Michael The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title | The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title_full | The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title_fullStr | The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title_full_unstemmed | The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title_short | The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies |
title_sort | mac is back: the role of macrophages in human healthy and complicated pregnancies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049527/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982375 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065300 |
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