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Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270 |
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author | Fan, Hueng-Chuen Chiang, Kuo-Liang Chang, Kuang-Hsi Chen, Chuan-Mu Tsai, Jeng-Dau |
author_facet | Fan, Hueng-Chuen Chiang, Kuo-Liang Chang, Kuang-Hsi Chen, Chuan-Mu Tsai, Jeng-Dau |
author_sort | Fan, Hueng-Chuen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10049646 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100496462023-03-29 Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges Fan, Hueng-Chuen Chiang, Kuo-Liang Chang, Kuang-Hsi Chen, Chuan-Mu Tsai, Jeng-Dau Int J Mol Sci Review Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine. MDPI 2023-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10049646/ /pubmed/36982345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fan, Hueng-Chuen Chiang, Kuo-Liang Chang, Kuang-Hsi Chen, Chuan-Mu Tsai, Jeng-Dau Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title | Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title_full | Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title_fullStr | Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title_full_unstemmed | Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title_short | Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges |
title_sort | epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: connection, chance, and challenges |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049646/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270 |
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