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Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges

Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage....

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Autores principales: Fan, Hueng-Chuen, Chiang, Kuo-Liang, Chang, Kuang-Hsi, Chen, Chuan-Mu, Tsai, Jeng-Dau
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270
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author Fan, Hueng-Chuen
Chiang, Kuo-Liang
Chang, Kuang-Hsi
Chen, Chuan-Mu
Tsai, Jeng-Dau
author_facet Fan, Hueng-Chuen
Chiang, Kuo-Liang
Chang, Kuang-Hsi
Chen, Chuan-Mu
Tsai, Jeng-Dau
author_sort Fan, Hueng-Chuen
collection PubMed
description Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine.
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spelling pubmed-100496462023-03-29 Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges Fan, Hueng-Chuen Chiang, Kuo-Liang Chang, Kuang-Hsi Chen, Chuan-Mu Tsai, Jeng-Dau Int J Mol Sci Review Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine. MDPI 2023-03-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10049646/ /pubmed/36982345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fan, Hueng-Chuen
Chiang, Kuo-Liang
Chang, Kuang-Hsi
Chen, Chuan-Mu
Tsai, Jeng-Dau
Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title_full Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title_fullStr Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title_short Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges
title_sort epilepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: connection, chance, and challenges
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049646/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065270
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