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Universal and efficient extraction of lithium for lithium-ion battery recycling using mechanochemistry

The increasing lithium-ion battery production calls for profitable and ecologically benign technologies for their recycling. Unfortunately, all used recycling technologies are always associated with large energy consumption and utilization of corrosive reagents, which creates a risk to the environme...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Dolotko, Oleksandr, Gehrke, Niclas, Malliaridou, Triantafillia, Sieweck, Raphael, Herrmann, Laura, Hunzinger, Bettina, Knapp, Michael, Ehrenberg, Helmut
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10049983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36977798
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-023-00844-2
Descripción
Sumario:The increasing lithium-ion battery production calls for profitable and ecologically benign technologies for their recycling. Unfortunately, all used recycling technologies are always associated with large energy consumption and utilization of corrosive reagents, which creates a risk to the environment. Herein we report a highly efficient mechanochemically induced acid-free process for recycling Li from cathode materials of different chemistries such as LiCoO(2), LiMn(2)O(4), Li(CoNiMn)O(2), and LiFePO(4). The introduced technology uses Al as a reducing agent in the mechanochemical reaction. Two different processes have been developed to regenerate lithium and transform it into pure Li(2)CO(3). The mechanisms of mechanochemical transformation, aqueous leaching, and lithium purification were investigated. The presented technology achieves a recovery rate for Li of up to 70% without applying any corrosive leachates or utilizing high temperatures. The key innovation is that the regeneration of lithium was successfully performed for all relevant cathode chemistries, including their mixture.