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Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development
Persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) are highly soluble in water, thereby posing a threat to water resource quality. Currently, there are no methods that can accurately quantify guanidine derivative PMOCs, other than 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and cyanoguanidine (CG), in aqueous media. I...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10050033/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36849617 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04613-x |
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author | Ichihara, Makiko Asakawa, Daichi Yamamoto, Atsushi Sudo, Miki |
author_facet | Ichihara, Makiko Asakawa, Daichi Yamamoto, Atsushi Sudo, Miki |
author_sort | Ichihara, Makiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) are highly soluble in water, thereby posing a threat to water resource quality. Currently, there are no methods that can accurately quantify guanidine derivative PMOCs, other than 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and cyanoguanidine (CG), in aqueous media. In this study, we developed a quantitation method that combines solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry to detect seven guanidine derivatives in aquatic environments and applied it to environmental water samples. Five LC columns were examined, and among them, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column was chosen owing to its suitable instrument detection limit and retention factor. Method precision was assessed using seven replicate analyses of river water. The corresponding analyte recoveries ranged from 73 to 137% (coefficient of variation = 2.1–5.8%). DPG and CG were detected in ultrapure water samples at levels up to 0.69 and 150 ng L(−1), respectively; DPG and CG levels up to 44 and 2600 ng L(−1), respectively, were detected in lake water, river water, sewage effluent, and tap water sampled in Western Japan. This is the first reported detection of DPG in the surface water of Japan, revealing that DPG and CG are ubiquitous compounds in aquatic environments. Moreover, this is the first study to detect 1-(o-tolyl)biguanide and N,N′′′-1,6-hexanediylbis(N′-cyanoguanidine) in water. This study provides a foundation for further research on the distribution, fate, and emission source of these pollutants, which is critical to maintain high water quality and to determine regulatory limits for these pollutants. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04613-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10050033 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100500332023-03-30 Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development Ichihara, Makiko Asakawa, Daichi Yamamoto, Atsushi Sudo, Miki Anal Bioanal Chem Research Paper Persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs) are highly soluble in water, thereby posing a threat to water resource quality. Currently, there are no methods that can accurately quantify guanidine derivative PMOCs, other than 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) and cyanoguanidine (CG), in aqueous media. In this study, we developed a quantitation method that combines solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry to detect seven guanidine derivatives in aquatic environments and applied it to environmental water samples. Five LC columns were examined, and among them, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column was chosen owing to its suitable instrument detection limit and retention factor. Method precision was assessed using seven replicate analyses of river water. The corresponding analyte recoveries ranged from 73 to 137% (coefficient of variation = 2.1–5.8%). DPG and CG were detected in ultrapure water samples at levels up to 0.69 and 150 ng L(−1), respectively; DPG and CG levels up to 44 and 2600 ng L(−1), respectively, were detected in lake water, river water, sewage effluent, and tap water sampled in Western Japan. This is the first reported detection of DPG in the surface water of Japan, revealing that DPG and CG are ubiquitous compounds in aquatic environments. Moreover, this is the first study to detect 1-(o-tolyl)biguanide and N,N′′′-1,6-hexanediylbis(N′-cyanoguanidine) in water. This study provides a foundation for further research on the distribution, fate, and emission source of these pollutants, which is critical to maintain high water quality and to determine regulatory limits for these pollutants. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00216-023-04613-x. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-02-28 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10050033/ /pubmed/36849617 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04613-x Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Ichihara, Makiko Asakawa, Daichi Yamamoto, Atsushi Sudo, Miki Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title | Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title_full | Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title_fullStr | Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title_short | Quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
title_sort | quantitation of guanidine derivatives as representative persistent and mobile organic compounds in water: method development |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10050033/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36849617 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04613-x |
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