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Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study

Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: W...

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Autores principales: He, Tingjuan, Wang, Meixia, Mi, Hongfei, Xu, Liansheng, Lu, Wenkui, Ouyang, Xue, Guo, Zhinan, Su, Chenghao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532
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author He, Tingjuan
Wang, Meixia
Mi, Hongfei
Xu, Liansheng
Lu, Wenkui
Ouyang, Xue
Guo, Zhinan
Su, Chenghao
author_facet He, Tingjuan
Wang, Meixia
Mi, Hongfei
Xu, Liansheng
Lu, Wenkui
Ouyang, Xue
Guo, Zhinan
Su, Chenghao
author_sort He, Tingjuan
collection PubMed
description Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: We carried out a test-negative case-control study to explore the vaccine’s effectiveness. Participants aged over 12 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the vaccine among cases and controls. Results: This outbreak began with factory transmission clusters, and spread to families and communities during the incubation period. Sixty percent of cases were confirmed in a quarantine site. A huge mass of confirmed cases (94.49%) was identified within three days, and nearly half of them had a low Ct value. Following an adjustment for age and sex, a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine yielded the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the overall case, of 57.01% (95% CI: −91.44~86.39%), the fully VE was 65.72% (95% CI: −48.69~88.63%) against COVID-19, 59.45% against moderate COVID-19 and 38.48% against severe COVID-19, respectively. The VE of fully vaccinated individuals was significantly higher in females than in males (73.99% vs. 46.26%). The VE among participants aged 19~40 and 41~61 years was 78.75% and 66.33%, respectively, which exceeds the WHO’s minimal threshold. Nevertheless, the VE in people under 18 and over 60 years was not observed because of the small sample size. Conclusions: The single-dose vaccine had limited effectiveness in preventing infection of the Delta variant. The two doses of inactivated vaccine could effectively prevent infection, and clinical mild, moderate, and severe illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in people aged 18–60 years in the real world.
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spelling pubmed-100520852023-03-30 Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study He, Tingjuan Wang, Meixia Mi, Hongfei Xu, Liansheng Lu, Wenkui Ouyang, Xue Guo, Zhinan Su, Chenghao Vaccines (Basel) Article Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: We carried out a test-negative case-control study to explore the vaccine’s effectiveness. Participants aged over 12 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the vaccine among cases and controls. Results: This outbreak began with factory transmission clusters, and spread to families and communities during the incubation period. Sixty percent of cases were confirmed in a quarantine site. A huge mass of confirmed cases (94.49%) was identified within three days, and nearly half of them had a low Ct value. Following an adjustment for age and sex, a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine yielded the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the overall case, of 57.01% (95% CI: −91.44~86.39%), the fully VE was 65.72% (95% CI: −48.69~88.63%) against COVID-19, 59.45% against moderate COVID-19 and 38.48% against severe COVID-19, respectively. The VE of fully vaccinated individuals was significantly higher in females than in males (73.99% vs. 46.26%). The VE among participants aged 19~40 and 41~61 years was 78.75% and 66.33%, respectively, which exceeds the WHO’s minimal threshold. Nevertheless, the VE in people under 18 and over 60 years was not observed because of the small sample size. Conclusions: The single-dose vaccine had limited effectiveness in preventing infection of the Delta variant. The two doses of inactivated vaccine could effectively prevent infection, and clinical mild, moderate, and severe illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in people aged 18–60 years in the real world. MDPI 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10052085/ /pubmed/36992116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
He, Tingjuan
Wang, Meixia
Mi, Hongfei
Xu, Liansheng
Lu, Wenkui
Ouyang, Xue
Guo, Zhinan
Su, Chenghao
Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title_full Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title_short Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
title_sort effectiveness of inactivated vaccine against sars-cov-2 delta variant infection in xiamen, china—a test-negative case-control study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052085/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992116
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532
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