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Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study
Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: W...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532 |
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author | He, Tingjuan Wang, Meixia Mi, Hongfei Xu, Liansheng Lu, Wenkui Ouyang, Xue Guo, Zhinan Su, Chenghao |
author_facet | He, Tingjuan Wang, Meixia Mi, Hongfei Xu, Liansheng Lu, Wenkui Ouyang, Xue Guo, Zhinan Su, Chenghao |
author_sort | He, Tingjuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: We carried out a test-negative case-control study to explore the vaccine’s effectiveness. Participants aged over 12 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the vaccine among cases and controls. Results: This outbreak began with factory transmission clusters, and spread to families and communities during the incubation period. Sixty percent of cases were confirmed in a quarantine site. A huge mass of confirmed cases (94.49%) was identified within three days, and nearly half of them had a low Ct value. Following an adjustment for age and sex, a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine yielded the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the overall case, of 57.01% (95% CI: −91.44~86.39%), the fully VE was 65.72% (95% CI: −48.69~88.63%) against COVID-19, 59.45% against moderate COVID-19 and 38.48% against severe COVID-19, respectively. The VE of fully vaccinated individuals was significantly higher in females than in males (73.99% vs. 46.26%). The VE among participants aged 19~40 and 41~61 years was 78.75% and 66.33%, respectively, which exceeds the WHO’s minimal threshold. Nevertheless, the VE in people under 18 and over 60 years was not observed because of the small sample size. Conclusions: The single-dose vaccine had limited effectiveness in preventing infection of the Delta variant. The two doses of inactivated vaccine could effectively prevent infection, and clinical mild, moderate, and severe illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in people aged 18–60 years in the real world. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10052085 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100520852023-03-30 Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study He, Tingjuan Wang, Meixia Mi, Hongfei Xu, Liansheng Lu, Wenkui Ouyang, Xue Guo, Zhinan Su, Chenghao Vaccines (Basel) Article Objective: Vaccine effectiveness can measure herd immunity, but the effectiveness of inactivated vaccines in Xiamen remains unclear. Our study was designed to understand the herd immunity of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine against the SARA-CoV-2 Delta variant in the real world of Xiamen. Methods: We carried out a test-negative case-control study to explore the vaccine’s effectiveness. Participants aged over 12 years were recruited. A logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of the vaccine among cases and controls. Results: This outbreak began with factory transmission clusters, and spread to families and communities during the incubation period. Sixty percent of cases were confirmed in a quarantine site. A huge mass of confirmed cases (94.49%) was identified within three days, and nearly half of them had a low Ct value. Following an adjustment for age and sex, a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine yielded the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the overall case, of 57.01% (95% CI: −91.44~86.39%), the fully VE was 65.72% (95% CI: −48.69~88.63%) against COVID-19, 59.45% against moderate COVID-19 and 38.48% against severe COVID-19, respectively. The VE of fully vaccinated individuals was significantly higher in females than in males (73.99% vs. 46.26%). The VE among participants aged 19~40 and 41~61 years was 78.75% and 66.33%, respectively, which exceeds the WHO’s minimal threshold. Nevertheless, the VE in people under 18 and over 60 years was not observed because of the small sample size. Conclusions: The single-dose vaccine had limited effectiveness in preventing infection of the Delta variant. The two doses of inactivated vaccine could effectively prevent infection, and clinical mild, moderate, and severe illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in people aged 18–60 years in the real world. MDPI 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10052085/ /pubmed/36992116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article He, Tingjuan Wang, Meixia Mi, Hongfei Xu, Liansheng Lu, Wenkui Ouyang, Xue Guo, Zhinan Su, Chenghao Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title | Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title_full | Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title_short | Effectiveness of Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Infection in Xiamen, China—A Test-Negative Case-Control Study |
title_sort | effectiveness of inactivated vaccine against sars-cov-2 delta variant infection in xiamen, china—a test-negative case-control study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052085/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992116 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030532 |
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