Characteristics of pivotal clinical trials of FDA-approved endovascular devices between 2000 and 2018: An interrupted time series analysis

BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews safety, efficacy, and the quality of medical devices through its regulatory process. The FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) of 2012 was aimed at accelerating the regulatory process for medical devices. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to (1) quantify characteristics of pivotal clinical trials (PCTs) supporting the premarket approval of endovascular medical devices and (2) analyze trends over the last two decades in light of the FDASIA. METHODS: We surveyed the study designs of endovascular devices with PCTs from the US FDA pre-market approval medical devices database. The effect of FDASIA on key design parameters (e.g., randomization, masking, and number of enrolled patients) was estimated using an interrupted time series analysis (segmented regression). RESULTS: We identified 117 devices between 2000–2018. FDASIA was associated with a decrease in double blinding (p < 0.0001) and a decrease in historical comparators (p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION: Our results reveal an overall trend of decreased regulatory requirements as it relates to clinical trial characteristics, but a compensatory increased rate of post-approval across device classes. Furthermore, there was an emphasis on proving equivalence or non-inferiority rather than more use of active comparators in clinical trials. Medical device stakeholders, notably clinicians, must be aware of the shifting regulatory landscape in order to play an active role in promoting patient safety.