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The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System

Myelination contributes not only to the rapid nerve conduction but also to axonal insulation and protection. In the central nervous system (CNS), the initial myelination features a multistep process where oligodendrocyte precursor cells undergo proliferation and migration before differentiating into...

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Autores principales: Yu, Qiang, Guan, Teng, Guo, Ying, Kong, Jiming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36974372
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914231163039
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author Yu, Qiang
Guan, Teng
Guo, Ying
Kong, Jiming
author_facet Yu, Qiang
Guan, Teng
Guo, Ying
Kong, Jiming
author_sort Yu, Qiang
collection PubMed
description Myelination contributes not only to the rapid nerve conduction but also to axonal insulation and protection. In the central nervous system (CNS), the initial myelination features a multistep process where oligodendrocyte precursor cells undergo proliferation and migration before differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes. Mature oligodendrocytes then extend processes and wrap around axons to form the multilayered myelin sheath. These steps are tightly regulated by various cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as transcription factors (Olig family, Sox family), growth factors (PDGF, BDNF, FGF-2, IGF), chemokines/cytokines (TGF-β, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFN-γ), hormones (T3), axonal signals (PSA-NCAM, L1-CAM, LINGO-1, neural activity), and intracellular signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3 K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/MAPK). However, the fundamental mechanisms for initial myelination are yet to be fully elucidated. Identifying pivotal mechanisms for myelination onset, development, and repair will become the focus of future studies. This review focuses on the current understanding of how CNS myelination is initiated and also the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process.
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spelling pubmed-100526122023-03-30 The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System Yu, Qiang Guan, Teng Guo, Ying Kong, Jiming ASN Neuro The Role of Glial Cells in the Nervous System in Health and Disease Myelination contributes not only to the rapid nerve conduction but also to axonal insulation and protection. In the central nervous system (CNS), the initial myelination features a multistep process where oligodendrocyte precursor cells undergo proliferation and migration before differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes. Mature oligodendrocytes then extend processes and wrap around axons to form the multilayered myelin sheath. These steps are tightly regulated by various cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as transcription factors (Olig family, Sox family), growth factors (PDGF, BDNF, FGF-2, IGF), chemokines/cytokines (TGF-β, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFN-γ), hormones (T3), axonal signals (PSA-NCAM, L1-CAM, LINGO-1, neural activity), and intracellular signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3 K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/MAPK). However, the fundamental mechanisms for initial myelination are yet to be fully elucidated. Identifying pivotal mechanisms for myelination onset, development, and repair will become the focus of future studies. This review focuses on the current understanding of how CNS myelination is initiated and also the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process. SAGE Publications 2023-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10052612/ /pubmed/36974372 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914231163039 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle The Role of Glial Cells in the Nervous System in Health and Disease
Yu, Qiang
Guan, Teng
Guo, Ying
Kong, Jiming
The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title_full The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title_fullStr The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title_full_unstemmed The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title_short The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System
title_sort initial myelination in the central nervous system
topic The Role of Glial Cells in the Nervous System in Health and Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10052612/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36974372
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17590914231163039
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