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Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives
Due to the uneven distribution of glycosidase enzyme expression across bacteria and fungi, glycoside derivatives of antimicrobial compounds provide prospective and promising antimicrobial materials. Therefore, herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of six novel methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062613 |
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author | Hosen, Mohammad I. Mukhrish, Yousef E. Jawhari, Ahmed Hussain Celik, Ismail Erol, Meryem Abdallah, Emad M. Al-Ghorbani, Mohammed Baashen, Mohammed Almalki, Faisal A. Laaroussi, Hamid Hadda, Taibi Ben Kawsar, Sarkar M. A. |
author_facet | Hosen, Mohammad I. Mukhrish, Yousef E. Jawhari, Ahmed Hussain Celik, Ismail Erol, Meryem Abdallah, Emad M. Al-Ghorbani, Mohammed Baashen, Mohammed Almalki, Faisal A. Laaroussi, Hamid Hadda, Taibi Ben Kawsar, Sarkar M. A. |
author_sort | Hosen, Mohammad I. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to the uneven distribution of glycosidase enzyme expression across bacteria and fungi, glycoside derivatives of antimicrobial compounds provide prospective and promising antimicrobial materials. Therefore, herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of six novel methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside (MBG) derivatives (2–7). The structures were ascertained using spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. Antimicrobial tests (zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC) were carried out to determine their ability to inhibit the growth of different Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded with compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7. The compounds with the most significant antifungal efficacy were 4, 5, 6 and 7. Based on the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS), compounds 4 and 7 have promising antimicrobial capacity. Molecular docking studies focused on fungal and bacterial proteins where derivatives 3 and 6 exhibited strong binding affinities. The molecular dynamics study revealed that the complexes formed by these derivatives with the proteins L,D-transpeptidase Ykud and endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger remained stable, both over time and in physiological conditions. Structure–activity relationships, including in vitro and in silico results, revealed that the acyl chains [lauroyl-(CH(3)(CH(2))(10)CO-), cinnamoyl-(C(6)H(5)CH=CHCO-)], in combination with sugar, were found to have the most potential against human and fungal pathogens. Synthetic, antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that MBG derivatives have good potential for antimicrobial activity, developing a therapeutic target for bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, the Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) study clearly indicated the presence of an important (O1(δ−)----O2(δ−)) antifungal pharmacophore site. This site can also be explored as a potential antiviral moiety. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10053039 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100530392023-03-30 Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives Hosen, Mohammad I. Mukhrish, Yousef E. Jawhari, Ahmed Hussain Celik, Ismail Erol, Meryem Abdallah, Emad M. Al-Ghorbani, Mohammed Baashen, Mohammed Almalki, Faisal A. Laaroussi, Hamid Hadda, Taibi Ben Kawsar, Sarkar M. A. Molecules Article Due to the uneven distribution of glycosidase enzyme expression across bacteria and fungi, glycoside derivatives of antimicrobial compounds provide prospective and promising antimicrobial materials. Therefore, herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of six novel methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-d-glucopyranoside (MBG) derivatives (2–7). The structures were ascertained using spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. Antimicrobial tests (zone of inhibition, MIC and MBC) were carried out to determine their ability to inhibit the growth of different Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded with compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7. The compounds with the most significant antifungal efficacy were 4, 5, 6 and 7. Based on the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS), compounds 4 and 7 have promising antimicrobial capacity. Molecular docking studies focused on fungal and bacterial proteins where derivatives 3 and 6 exhibited strong binding affinities. The molecular dynamics study revealed that the complexes formed by these derivatives with the proteins L,D-transpeptidase Ykud and endoglucanase from Aspergillus niger remained stable, both over time and in physiological conditions. Structure–activity relationships, including in vitro and in silico results, revealed that the acyl chains [lauroyl-(CH(3)(CH(2))(10)CO-), cinnamoyl-(C(6)H(5)CH=CHCO-)], in combination with sugar, were found to have the most potential against human and fungal pathogens. Synthetic, antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic studies revealed that MBG derivatives have good potential for antimicrobial activity, developing a therapeutic target for bacteria and fungi. Furthermore, the Petra/Osiris/Molinspiration (POM) study clearly indicated the presence of an important (O1(δ−)----O2(δ−)) antifungal pharmacophore site. This site can also be explored as a potential antiviral moiety. MDPI 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10053039/ /pubmed/36985587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062613 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hosen, Mohammad I. Mukhrish, Yousef E. Jawhari, Ahmed Hussain Celik, Ismail Erol, Meryem Abdallah, Emad M. Al-Ghorbani, Mohammed Baashen, Mohammed Almalki, Faisal A. Laaroussi, Hamid Hadda, Taibi Ben Kawsar, Sarkar M. A. Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title | Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title_full | Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title_fullStr | Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title_full_unstemmed | Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title_short | Design, Synthesis, In Silico and POM Studies for the Identification of the Pharmacophore Sites of Benzylidene Derivatives |
title_sort | design, synthesis, in silico and pom studies for the identification of the pharmacophore sites of benzylidene derivatives |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062613 |
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