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Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering

High-energy ball milling is a process suitable for producing composite powders whose achieved microstructure can be controlled by the processing parameters. Through this technique, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of reinforced material into a ductile metal matrix. In this work, s...

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Autores principales: Orozco, Verónica Gallegos, Beltrán, Audel Santos, Beltrán, Miriam Santos, Prieto, Hansel Medrano, Orozco, Carmen Gallegos, Guel, Ivanovich Estrada, Sánchez, Roberto Martínez, Duarte, José Manuel Mendoza
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053196/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982635
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065558
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author Orozco, Verónica Gallegos
Beltrán, Audel Santos
Beltrán, Miriam Santos
Prieto, Hansel Medrano
Orozco, Carmen Gallegos
Guel, Ivanovich Estrada
Sánchez, Roberto Martínez
Duarte, José Manuel Mendoza
author_facet Orozco, Verónica Gallegos
Beltrán, Audel Santos
Beltrán, Miriam Santos
Prieto, Hansel Medrano
Orozco, Carmen Gallegos
Guel, Ivanovich Estrada
Sánchez, Roberto Martínez
Duarte, José Manuel Mendoza
author_sort Orozco, Verónica Gallegos
collection PubMed
description High-energy ball milling is a process suitable for producing composite powders whose achieved microstructure can be controlled by the processing parameters. Through this technique, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of reinforced material into a ductile metal matrix. In this work, some Al/CGNs nanocomposites were fabricated through a high-energy ball mill to disperse nanostructured graphite reinforcements produced in situ in the Al matrix. To retain the dispersed CGNs in the Al matrix, avoiding the precipitation of the Al(4)C(3) phase during sintering, the high-frequency induction sintering (HFIS) method was used, which allows rapid heating rates. For comparative purposes, samples in the green and sintered state processed in a conventional electric furnace (CFS) were used. Microhardness testing was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforcement in samples under different processing conditions. Structural analyses were carried out through an X-ray diffractometer coupled with a convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) fitting program to determine the crystallite size and dislocation density; both strengthening contributions were calculated using the Langford–Cohen and Taylor equations. According to the results, the CGNs dispersed in the Al matrix played an important role in the reinforcement of the Al matrix, promoting the increase in the dislocation density during the milling process. The strengthening contribution of the dislocation density was ~50% of the total hardening value, while the contribution by dispersion of CGNs was ~22% in samples with 3 wt. % C and sintered by the HFIS method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the morphology, size, and distribution of phases present in the Al matrix. From the analyses carried out in AFM (topography and phase images), the CGNs are located mainly around crystallites and present height profiles of 1.6 to 2 nm.
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spelling pubmed-100531962023-03-30 Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering Orozco, Verónica Gallegos Beltrán, Audel Santos Beltrán, Miriam Santos Prieto, Hansel Medrano Orozco, Carmen Gallegos Guel, Ivanovich Estrada Sánchez, Roberto Martínez Duarte, José Manuel Mendoza Int J Mol Sci Article High-energy ball milling is a process suitable for producing composite powders whose achieved microstructure can be controlled by the processing parameters. Through this technique, it is possible to obtain a homogeneous distribution of reinforced material into a ductile metal matrix. In this work, some Al/CGNs nanocomposites were fabricated through a high-energy ball mill to disperse nanostructured graphite reinforcements produced in situ in the Al matrix. To retain the dispersed CGNs in the Al matrix, avoiding the precipitation of the Al(4)C(3) phase during sintering, the high-frequency induction sintering (HFIS) method was used, which allows rapid heating rates. For comparative purposes, samples in the green and sintered state processed in a conventional electric furnace (CFS) were used. Microhardness testing was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforcement in samples under different processing conditions. Structural analyses were carried out through an X-ray diffractometer coupled with a convolutional multiple whole profile (CMWP) fitting program to determine the crystallite size and dislocation density; both strengthening contributions were calculated using the Langford–Cohen and Taylor equations. According to the results, the CGNs dispersed in the Al matrix played an important role in the reinforcement of the Al matrix, promoting the increase in the dislocation density during the milling process. The strengthening contribution of the dislocation density was ~50% of the total hardening value, while the contribution by dispersion of CGNs was ~22% in samples with 3 wt. % C and sintered by the HFIS method. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the morphology, size, and distribution of phases present in the Al matrix. From the analyses carried out in AFM (topography and phase images), the CGNs are located mainly around crystallites and present height profiles of 1.6 to 2 nm. MDPI 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10053196/ /pubmed/36982635 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065558 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Orozco, Verónica Gallegos
Beltrán, Audel Santos
Beltrán, Miriam Santos
Prieto, Hansel Medrano
Orozco, Carmen Gallegos
Guel, Ivanovich Estrada
Sánchez, Roberto Martínez
Duarte, José Manuel Mendoza
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title_full Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title_fullStr Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title_full_unstemmed Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title_short Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Al Nanocomposites Using GCNs as a Reinforcement Fabricated by Induction Sintering
title_sort microstructural and mechanical characterization of al nanocomposites using gcns as a reinforcement fabricated by induction sintering
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053196/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36982635
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065558
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