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Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis

Piscirickettsiosis (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the main infectious disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Currently, the official surveillance and control plan for SRS in Chile is based only on the detection of P. salmonis, but neither of its genogroups (LF-89-like a...

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Autores principales: Rozas-Serri, Marco, Peña, Andrea, Gardner, Ian, Peñaloza, Estefanía, Maldonado, Lucerina, Muñoz, Ariel, Mardones, Fernando O., Rodríguez, Catalina, Ildefonso, Ricardo, Senn, Carolina, Aranis, Felipe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36986371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030450
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author Rozas-Serri, Marco
Peña, Andrea
Gardner, Ian
Peñaloza, Estefanía
Maldonado, Lucerina
Muñoz, Ariel
Mardones, Fernando O.
Rodríguez, Catalina
Ildefonso, Ricardo
Senn, Carolina
Aranis, Felipe
author_facet Rozas-Serri, Marco
Peña, Andrea
Gardner, Ian
Peñaloza, Estefanía
Maldonado, Lucerina
Muñoz, Ariel
Mardones, Fernando O.
Rodríguez, Catalina
Ildefonso, Ricardo
Senn, Carolina
Aranis, Felipe
author_sort Rozas-Serri, Marco
collection PubMed
description Piscirickettsiosis (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the main infectious disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Currently, the official surveillance and control plan for SRS in Chile is based only on the detection of P. salmonis, but neither of its genogroups (LF-89-like and EM-90-like) are included. Surveillance at the genogroup level is essential not only for defining and evaluating the vaccination strategy against SRS, but it is also of utmost importance for early diagnosis, clinical prognosis in the field, treatment, and control of the disease. The objectives of this study were to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of P. salmonis genogroups using genogroup-specific real-time probe-based polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to discriminate between LF-89-like and EM-90-like within and between seawater farms, individual fish, and tissues/organs during early infection in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. The spatio-temporal distribution of LF-89-like and EM-90-like was shown to be highly variable within and between seawater farms. P. salmonis infection was also proven to be caused by both genogroups at farm, fish, and tissue levels. Our study demonstrated for the first time a complex co-infection by P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like in Atlantic salmon. Liver nodules (moderate and severe) were strongly associated with EM-90-like infection, but this phenotype was not detected by infection with LF-89-like or co-infection of both genogroups. The detection rate of P. salmonis LF-89-like increased significantly between 2017 and 2021 and was the most prevalent genogroup in Chilean salmon aquaculture during this period. Lastly, a novel strategy to identify P. salmonis genogroups based on novel genogroup-specific qPCR for LF-89-like and EM-90-like genogroups is suggested.
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spelling pubmed-100538822023-03-30 Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis Rozas-Serri, Marco Peña, Andrea Gardner, Ian Peñaloza, Estefanía Maldonado, Lucerina Muñoz, Ariel Mardones, Fernando O. Rodríguez, Catalina Ildefonso, Ricardo Senn, Carolina Aranis, Felipe Pathogens Article Piscirickettsiosis (SRS), caused by Piscirickettsia salmonis, is the main infectious disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon in Chile. Currently, the official surveillance and control plan for SRS in Chile is based only on the detection of P. salmonis, but neither of its genogroups (LF-89-like and EM-90-like) are included. Surveillance at the genogroup level is essential not only for defining and evaluating the vaccination strategy against SRS, but it is also of utmost importance for early diagnosis, clinical prognosis in the field, treatment, and control of the disease. The objectives of this study were to characterize the spatio-temporal distribution of P. salmonis genogroups using genogroup-specific real-time probe-based polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to discriminate between LF-89-like and EM-90-like within and between seawater farms, individual fish, and tissues/organs during early infection in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. The spatio-temporal distribution of LF-89-like and EM-90-like was shown to be highly variable within and between seawater farms. P. salmonis infection was also proven to be caused by both genogroups at farm, fish, and tissue levels. Our study demonstrated for the first time a complex co-infection by P. salmonis LF-89-like and EM-90-like in Atlantic salmon. Liver nodules (moderate and severe) were strongly associated with EM-90-like infection, but this phenotype was not detected by infection with LF-89-like or co-infection of both genogroups. The detection rate of P. salmonis LF-89-like increased significantly between 2017 and 2021 and was the most prevalent genogroup in Chilean salmon aquaculture during this period. Lastly, a novel strategy to identify P. salmonis genogroups based on novel genogroup-specific qPCR for LF-89-like and EM-90-like genogroups is suggested. MDPI 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10053882/ /pubmed/36986371 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030450 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rozas-Serri, Marco
Peña, Andrea
Gardner, Ian
Peñaloza, Estefanía
Maldonado, Lucerina
Muñoz, Ariel
Mardones, Fernando O.
Rodríguez, Catalina
Ildefonso, Ricardo
Senn, Carolina
Aranis, Felipe
Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title_full Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title_fullStr Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title_full_unstemmed Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title_short Co-Infection by LF-89-Like and EM-90-Like Genogroups of Piscirickettsia Salmonis in Farmed Atlantic Salmon in Chile: Implications for Surveillance and Control of Piscirickettsiosis
title_sort co-infection by lf-89-like and em-90-like genogroups of piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed atlantic salmon in chile: implications for surveillance and control of piscirickettsiosis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10053882/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36986371
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030450
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