Using MaxEnt Model to Predict the Potential Distribution of Three Potentially Invasive Scarab Beetles in China

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Based on the occurrence records and bioclimatic variables, the MaxEnt model was used to predict the potential geographical distribution of Heteronychus arator, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale worldwide, and we also discuss the possible distribution of Popillia japonica, Heteronychus arator, Oryctes monoceros, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale. The results showed that every continent has potential distribution areas for these species. In China, the potential distribution of Popillia japonica and Amphimallon majale was mainly concentrated in central eastern regions, while the presence of Heteronychus arator and Oryctes boas was mainly concentrated in the southwest areas. Oryctes monoceros has no possible distribution at present. Based on the predicted results, we recommend that the government carry out species monitoring to minimize financial losses. ABSTRACT: A hot topic in recent years is the prediction of the potential distribution of possible invasive insects. China is facing a great challenge due to invasive insects. Scarab beetles are a highly diverse group, and many of them are well-known invasive insects. Here, in order to prevent the invasion of scarab beetles in China, we screened the invasive insects globally and obtained a preliminary database of quarantine or invasive scarab beetles. From the obtained database, we selected the top five species (Popillia japonica, Heteronychus arator, Oryctes monoceros, Oryctes boas and Amphimallon majale) to discuss and analyzed the potential distribution of three species that have not invaded China by using the MaxEnt model. The prediction results show that every continent has potential distribution areas for these species. Specifically within China, Popillia japonica and Amphimallon majale were mainly concentrated in east central regions and Heteronychus arator and Oryctes boas were mainly distributed in the southwest areas, while Oryctes monoceros has no suitable area. Notably, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang province had a high risk of invasion. In general, local agriculture, forestry and customs departments in China should pay more attention to monitoring for the prevention of infestation by invasive insects.