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Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins
Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compo...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030422 |
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author | Stinson, Lisa F. George, Alexandra D. |
author_facet | Stinson, Lisa F. George, Alexandra D. |
author_sort | Stinson, Lisa F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional milk analyses, it is important to consider the origins of these compounds. The current review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the sources of human milk lipids and small metabolites. Here, we describe five major sources of milk lipids and metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by the milk microbiota, dietary consumption, release from non-mammary tissue, and production by the gut microbiota. We synthesize the literature to provide evidence and understanding of these pathways in the context of mammary gland biology. We recommend future research focus areas to elucidate milk lipid and small metabolite synthesis and transport pathways. Better understanding of the origins of human milk lipids and metabolites is important to improve translation of milk omics research, particularly regarding the modulation of these important milk components to improve infant health outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10054125 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100541252023-03-30 Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins Stinson, Lisa F. George, Alexandra D. Metabolites Review Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional milk analyses, it is important to consider the origins of these compounds. The current review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the sources of human milk lipids and small metabolites. Here, we describe five major sources of milk lipids and metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by the milk microbiota, dietary consumption, release from non-mammary tissue, and production by the gut microbiota. We synthesize the literature to provide evidence and understanding of these pathways in the context of mammary gland biology. We recommend future research focus areas to elucidate milk lipid and small metabolite synthesis and transport pathways. Better understanding of the origins of human milk lipids and metabolites is important to improve translation of milk omics research, particularly regarding the modulation of these important milk components to improve infant health outcomes. MDPI 2023-03-13 /pmc/articles/PMC10054125/ /pubmed/36984862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030422 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Stinson, Lisa F. George, Alexandra D. Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title_full | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title_fullStr | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title_short | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
title_sort | human milk lipids and small metabolites: maternal and microbial origins |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030422 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT stinsonlisaf humanmilklipidsandsmallmetabolitesmaternalandmicrobialorigins AT georgealexandrad humanmilklipidsandsmallmetabolitesmaternalandmicrobialorigins |