Cargando…

Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction

Background: To objectively measure with an eye tracker both eye movement conjugacy and gaze direction in different positions when performing the Hess Lancaster Screen Test (HLST) in a sample of control subjects without binocular dysfunction and compare the results with those of the traditional subje...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Orduna-Hospital, Elvira, Maurain-Orera, Luz, Lopez-de-la-Fuente, Carmen, Sanchez-Cano, Ana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36983824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030668
_version_ 1785015636233027584
author Orduna-Hospital, Elvira
Maurain-Orera, Luz
Lopez-de-la-Fuente, Carmen
Sanchez-Cano, Ana
author_facet Orduna-Hospital, Elvira
Maurain-Orera, Luz
Lopez-de-la-Fuente, Carmen
Sanchez-Cano, Ana
author_sort Orduna-Hospital, Elvira
collection PubMed
description Background: To objectively measure with an eye tracker both eye movement conjugacy and gaze direction in different positions when performing the Hess Lancaster Screen Test (HLST) in a sample of control subjects without binocular dysfunction and compare the results with those of the traditional subjective HLST performance. Methods: The sample was selected avoiding subjects who suffered from suppression of one of the two eyes, visual acuity less than 20/25 on the Snellen chart in each eye, strabismus, or any symptom of binocular dysfunction that could alter the results. While performing the HLST, the examiner wrote down each of the points on a template in a traditional way while the eye tracker (Tobii Pro Fusion, Tobii AB, Danderyd, Sweden), placed in front of the subject, took objective measurements of the position of both eyes at each point. Of the 29 subjects recruited in this study, 13 subjects between 18 and 27 years old underwent the complete optometric examination and the HLST wearing anaglyph glasses; meanwhile, 16 people were excluded because of binocular or accommodative dysfunctions or because they didn’t give reliable eye-tracking results. Additionally, a specific program called Etracker Parse Video (University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain) was developed to analyse the prismatic deviation between both eyes at each evaluated point. Results: Similar horizontal prismatic deviations of visual axes were obtained in the different gaze positions with the Maddox rod, the manually annotated HLST, and the eye-tracker measurement. Variations were found in the magnitude of the deviation between methods but not in the direction. On the other hand, vertical deviations were more difficult for the examiner to detect and quantify, especially those with small magnitudes; more exact values were obtained when measuring objectively with the eye tracker. Conclusion: The HLST is very useful and allows the amount of heterophoria or heterotropia to be recorded in the patient’s medical record in all the main gaze positions. This test is complementary; by itself, it is not diagnostic and does not replace a complete examination of binocular vision. The eye tracker is an objective method with which we can evaluate the HLST in patients with no binocular problems, obtaining more accurate results than when it is performed in the traditional manner.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10054291
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-100542912023-03-30 Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction Orduna-Hospital, Elvira Maurain-Orera, Luz Lopez-de-la-Fuente, Carmen Sanchez-Cano, Ana Life (Basel) Article Background: To objectively measure with an eye tracker both eye movement conjugacy and gaze direction in different positions when performing the Hess Lancaster Screen Test (HLST) in a sample of control subjects without binocular dysfunction and compare the results with those of the traditional subjective HLST performance. Methods: The sample was selected avoiding subjects who suffered from suppression of one of the two eyes, visual acuity less than 20/25 on the Snellen chart in each eye, strabismus, or any symptom of binocular dysfunction that could alter the results. While performing the HLST, the examiner wrote down each of the points on a template in a traditional way while the eye tracker (Tobii Pro Fusion, Tobii AB, Danderyd, Sweden), placed in front of the subject, took objective measurements of the position of both eyes at each point. Of the 29 subjects recruited in this study, 13 subjects between 18 and 27 years old underwent the complete optometric examination and the HLST wearing anaglyph glasses; meanwhile, 16 people were excluded because of binocular or accommodative dysfunctions or because they didn’t give reliable eye-tracking results. Additionally, a specific program called Etracker Parse Video (University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain) was developed to analyse the prismatic deviation between both eyes at each evaluated point. Results: Similar horizontal prismatic deviations of visual axes were obtained in the different gaze positions with the Maddox rod, the manually annotated HLST, and the eye-tracker measurement. Variations were found in the magnitude of the deviation between methods but not in the direction. On the other hand, vertical deviations were more difficult for the examiner to detect and quantify, especially those with small magnitudes; more exact values were obtained when measuring objectively with the eye tracker. Conclusion: The HLST is very useful and allows the amount of heterophoria or heterotropia to be recorded in the patient’s medical record in all the main gaze positions. This test is complementary; by itself, it is not diagnostic and does not replace a complete examination of binocular vision. The eye tracker is an objective method with which we can evaluate the HLST in patients with no binocular problems, obtaining more accurate results than when it is performed in the traditional manner. MDPI 2023-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10054291/ /pubmed/36983824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030668 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Orduna-Hospital, Elvira
Maurain-Orera, Luz
Lopez-de-la-Fuente, Carmen
Sanchez-Cano, Ana
Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title_full Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title_fullStr Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title_full_unstemmed Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title_short Hess Lancaster Screen Test with Eye Tracker: An Objective Method for the Measurement of Binocular Gaze Direction
title_sort hess lancaster screen test with eye tracker: an objective method for the measurement of binocular gaze direction
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36983824
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030668
work_keys_str_mv AT ordunahospitalelvira hesslancasterscreentestwitheyetrackeranobjectivemethodforthemeasurementofbinoculargazedirection
AT maurainoreraluz hesslancasterscreentestwitheyetrackeranobjectivemethodforthemeasurementofbinoculargazedirection
AT lopezdelafuentecarmen hesslancasterscreentestwitheyetrackeranobjectivemethodforthemeasurementofbinoculargazedirection
AT sanchezcanoana hesslancasterscreentestwitheyetrackeranobjectivemethodforthemeasurementofbinoculargazedirection