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Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging

Background: Olfaction impairment in aging is associated with increased anxiety. We explored this association in cognitively healthy controls (HCs), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Both olfaction and anxiety have sex differences, therefore we also investigated t...

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Autores principales: Cieri, Filippo, Cera, Nicoletta, Ritter, Aaron, Cordes, Dietmar, Caldwell, Jessica Zoe Kirkland
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36983338
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062338
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author Cieri, Filippo
Cera, Nicoletta
Ritter, Aaron
Cordes, Dietmar
Caldwell, Jessica Zoe Kirkland
author_facet Cieri, Filippo
Cera, Nicoletta
Ritter, Aaron
Cordes, Dietmar
Caldwell, Jessica Zoe Kirkland
author_sort Cieri, Filippo
collection PubMed
description Background: Olfaction impairment in aging is associated with increased anxiety. We explored this association in cognitively healthy controls (HCs), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Both olfaction and anxiety have sex differences, therefore we also investigated these variances. Objectives: Investigate the association of olfaction with anxiety in three distinct clinical categories of aging, exploring the potential role of sex. Methods: 117 subjects (29 HCs, 43 MCI, and 45 PD patients) were assessed for olfaction and anxiety. We used regression models to determine whether B-SIT predicted anxiety and whether sex impacted that relationship. Results: Lower olfaction was related to greater anxiety traits in all groups (HCs: p = 0.015; MCI: p = 0.001 and PD: p = 0.038), significantly differed by sex. In fact, in HCs, for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 7.63 in men (p = 0.009) and 1.5 in women (p = 0.225). In MCI patients for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 1.19 in men (p = 0.048) and 3.03 in women (p = 0.0036). Finally, in PD patients for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 1.73 in men (p = 0.004) and 0.41 in women (p = 0.3632). Discussion: Olfaction and anxiety are correlated in all three distinct diagnostic categories, but differently in men and women.
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spelling pubmed-100543172023-03-30 Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging Cieri, Filippo Cera, Nicoletta Ritter, Aaron Cordes, Dietmar Caldwell, Jessica Zoe Kirkland J Clin Med Brief Report Background: Olfaction impairment in aging is associated with increased anxiety. We explored this association in cognitively healthy controls (HCs), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Both olfaction and anxiety have sex differences, therefore we also investigated these variances. Objectives: Investigate the association of olfaction with anxiety in three distinct clinical categories of aging, exploring the potential role of sex. Methods: 117 subjects (29 HCs, 43 MCI, and 45 PD patients) were assessed for olfaction and anxiety. We used regression models to determine whether B-SIT predicted anxiety and whether sex impacted that relationship. Results: Lower olfaction was related to greater anxiety traits in all groups (HCs: p = 0.015; MCI: p = 0.001 and PD: p = 0.038), significantly differed by sex. In fact, in HCs, for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 7.63 in men (p = 0.009) and 1.5 in women (p = 0.225). In MCI patients for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 1.19 in men (p = 0.048) and 3.03 in women (p = 0.0036). Finally, in PD patients for every unit increase in B-SIT, anxiety traits decreased by 1.73 in men (p = 0.004) and 0.41 in women (p = 0.3632). Discussion: Olfaction and anxiety are correlated in all three distinct diagnostic categories, but differently in men and women. MDPI 2023-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10054317/ /pubmed/36983338 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062338 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Brief Report
Cieri, Filippo
Cera, Nicoletta
Ritter, Aaron
Cordes, Dietmar
Caldwell, Jessica Zoe Kirkland
Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title_full Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title_fullStr Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title_full_unstemmed Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title_short Olfaction and Anxiety Are Differently Associated in Men and Women in Cognitive Physiological and Pathological Aging
title_sort olfaction and anxiety are differently associated in men and women in cognitive physiological and pathological aging
topic Brief Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36983338
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062338
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