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Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells

Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris (wild artichoke) is widespread in Sicily, where it has been used for food and medicinal purposes since ancient times; decoctions of the aerial parts of this plant have been traditionally employed as a remedy for different hepatic diseases. In this study, the phen...

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Autores principales: Acquaviva, Rosaria, Malfa, Giuseppe Antonio, Santangelo, Rosa, Bianchi, Simone, Pappalardo, Francesco, Taviano, Maria Fernanda, Miceli, Natalizia, Di Giacomo, Claudia, Tomasello, Barbara
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062475
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author Acquaviva, Rosaria
Malfa, Giuseppe Antonio
Santangelo, Rosa
Bianchi, Simone
Pappalardo, Francesco
Taviano, Maria Fernanda
Miceli, Natalizia
Di Giacomo, Claudia
Tomasello, Barbara
author_facet Acquaviva, Rosaria
Malfa, Giuseppe Antonio
Santangelo, Rosa
Bianchi, Simone
Pappalardo, Francesco
Taviano, Maria Fernanda
Miceli, Natalizia
Di Giacomo, Claudia
Tomasello, Barbara
author_sort Acquaviva, Rosaria
collection PubMed
description Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris (wild artichoke) is widespread in Sicily, where it has been used for food and medicinal purposes since ancient times; decoctions of the aerial parts of this plant have been traditionally employed as a remedy for different hepatic diseases. In this study, the phenolic profile and cell-free antioxidant properties of the leaf aqueous extract of wild artichokes grown in Sicily (Italy) were investigated. The crude extract was also tested in cells for its antioxidant characteristics and potential oxidative stress inhibitory effects. To resemble the features of the early stage of mild steatosis in humans, human HepG2 cells treated with free fatty acids at the concentration of 1.5 mM were used. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acids) and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin derivatives). At the same time, DPPH assay showed a promising antioxidant power (IC(50) = 20.04 ± 2.52 µg/mL). Biological investigations showed the safety of the crude extract and its capacity to counteract the injury induced by FFA exposure by restoring cell viability and counteracting oxidative stress through inhibiting reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and increasing thiol-group levels. In addition, the extract increased mRNA expression of some proteins implicated in the antioxidant defense (Nrf2, Gpx, and SOD1) and decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), which were modified by FFA treatment. Results suggest that the total phytocomplex contained in wild artichoke leaves effectively modulates FFA-induced hepatic oxidative stress.
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spelling pubmed-100548202023-03-30 Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells Acquaviva, Rosaria Malfa, Giuseppe Antonio Santangelo, Rosa Bianchi, Simone Pappalardo, Francesco Taviano, Maria Fernanda Miceli, Natalizia Di Giacomo, Claudia Tomasello, Barbara Molecules Article Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris (wild artichoke) is widespread in Sicily, where it has been used for food and medicinal purposes since ancient times; decoctions of the aerial parts of this plant have been traditionally employed as a remedy for different hepatic diseases. In this study, the phenolic profile and cell-free antioxidant properties of the leaf aqueous extract of wild artichokes grown in Sicily (Italy) were investigated. The crude extract was also tested in cells for its antioxidant characteristics and potential oxidative stress inhibitory effects. To resemble the features of the early stage of mild steatosis in humans, human HepG2 cells treated with free fatty acids at the concentration of 1.5 mM were used. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic acids (caffeoylquinic acids) and flavonoids (luteolin and apigenin derivatives). At the same time, DPPH assay showed a promising antioxidant power (IC(50) = 20.04 ± 2.52 µg/mL). Biological investigations showed the safety of the crude extract and its capacity to counteract the injury induced by FFA exposure by restoring cell viability and counteracting oxidative stress through inhibiting reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and increasing thiol-group levels. In addition, the extract increased mRNA expression of some proteins implicated in the antioxidant defense (Nrf2, Gpx, and SOD1) and decreased mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β), which were modified by FFA treatment. Results suggest that the total phytocomplex contained in wild artichoke leaves effectively modulates FFA-induced hepatic oxidative stress. MDPI 2023-03-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10054820/ /pubmed/36985448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062475 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Acquaviva, Rosaria
Malfa, Giuseppe Antonio
Santangelo, Rosa
Bianchi, Simone
Pappalardo, Francesco
Taviano, Maria Fernanda
Miceli, Natalizia
Di Giacomo, Claudia
Tomasello, Barbara
Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title_full Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title_fullStr Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title_full_unstemmed Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title_short Wild Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, Asteraceae) Leaf Extract: Phenolic Profile and Oxidative Stress Inhibitory Effects on HepG2 Cells
title_sort wild artichoke (cynara cardunculus subsp. sylvestris, asteraceae) leaf extract: phenolic profile and oxidative stress inhibitory effects on hepg2 cells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10054820/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985448
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062475
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