Chemically Driven Ion Exchanging Synthesis of Na(5)YSi(4)O(12)-Based Glass-Ceramic Proton Conductors

We have developed 12-membered silica-tetrahedra-ringed Na(5)YSi(4)O(12)-type sodium ion conducting glass-ceramics on the basis of the composition Na(3+3x-y)R(1-x)P(y)Si(3-y)O(9) (R: rare earth elements; denoted as Narpsio); especially, the material of Na(4)Y(0.6)P(0.2)Si(2.8)O(9) with the combined parameters of (x, y) = (0.4, 0.2) gives rise to the maximum conductivity of 1 × 10(−1) Scm(−1) at 300 °C. Because glass-ceramics generally have the advantage of structural rigidity and chemical durability over sintered polycrystalline ceramics, the present study employed glass-ceramic Narpsio to perform chemically driven ion exchange of Na(+) with protonated water molecules with an aim to produce a proton conductor. The ion exchange was carried out in a hydrochloric acid solution by changing immersion time, temperature, and acid concentration. The ion exchanged Na(4)Y(0.6)P(0.2)Si(2.8)O(9)-based glass-ceramics were analyzed by the complex impedance method, and the proton conductivity was found to exhibit 3 × 10(−4) Scm(−1) at 300 °C with the activation energy of 59 kJ/mol. The dependence of humidity-sensitive conductivity of the ion exchanged bulk glass-ceramics was also examined; the conductivity increased almost linearly from 0.6 × 10(−4) Scm(−1) in dry air to 1.5 × 10(−4) Scm(−1) in 75% humid ambience at 300 °C. Thus, the ion exchanged glass-ceramics can be considered to be high temperature proton conductors as well as humidity sensors.