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Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania

Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic are unquestionably the most serious public crisis of our time. Identifying, preventing, and treating HIV-associated comorbidities remains a challenge that must be addresse...

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Autores principales: Loghin, Isabela Ioana, Vâţă, Andrei, Mihai, Ioana Florina, Silvaş, George, Rusu, Şerban Alin, Luca, Cătălina Mihaela, Dorobăţ, Carmen Mihaela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10056804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030440
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author Loghin, Isabela Ioana
Vâţă, Andrei
Mihai, Ioana Florina
Silvaş, George
Rusu, Şerban Alin
Luca, Cătălina Mihaela
Dorobăţ, Carmen Mihaela
author_facet Loghin, Isabela Ioana
Vâţă, Andrei
Mihai, Ioana Florina
Silvaş, George
Rusu, Şerban Alin
Luca, Cătălina Mihaela
Dorobăţ, Carmen Mihaela
author_sort Loghin, Isabela Ioana
collection PubMed
description Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic are unquestionably the most serious public crisis of our time. Identifying, preventing, and treating HIV-associated comorbidities remains a challenge that must be addressed even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to characterize the aspects of newly diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS, during 2021–2022 in Northeastern Romania. We reviewed the frequency and associated comorbidities of these patients in correspondence with national and global results. Results: Our study found that of all newly diagnosed HIV cases (167 cases—74 cases in 2021 and 98 cases in 2022), 49.70% were diagnosed with HIV infection and 50.30% had AIDS. Based on sex correlated with the CD4+ T-lymphocyte level, the most affected were males, with a lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte level overall. The average HIV viral load was 944,689.55 copies/mL. Half of males had an abnormal ALT or AST (39.53% and 49.61%); as for the females, less than a quarter had an increased value of ALT or AST, respectively (18% and 26%). The most frequent co-infections were as follows: oral candidiasis (34.73% of patients), hepatitis B (17.37% of patients), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (8.38%), followed by hepatitis C (6.39%), tuberculosis (TB), syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus, Cytomegalovirus infections. Males were more affected than females, with a higher percentage of co-infections. The prescribed antiretroviral treatment focused on a single-pill regimen (79.04%) to ensure adherence, effectiveness, and safety. Therefore, 20.96% had been prescribed a regimen according to their comorbidities. Conclusions: Our study found a concerning rise in the incidence of HIV in 2022 compared to that in 2021 in Northeastern Romania, because of the rise in post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic addressability. Advanced immunodeficiency and the burden of opportunistic infections characterize newly diagnosed HIV patients. The physicians should keep in mind that these patients may have more than one clinical condition at presentation.
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spelling pubmed-100568042023-03-30 Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania Loghin, Isabela Ioana Vâţă, Andrei Mihai, Ioana Florina Silvaş, George Rusu, Şerban Alin Luca, Cătălina Mihaela Dorobăţ, Carmen Mihaela Medicina (Kaunas) Article Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus infection and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) pandemic are unquestionably the most serious public crisis of our time. Identifying, preventing, and treating HIV-associated comorbidities remains a challenge that must be addressed even in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Materials and Methods: In this study, we aimed to characterize the aspects of newly diagnosed patients with HIV/AIDS, during 2021–2022 in Northeastern Romania. We reviewed the frequency and associated comorbidities of these patients in correspondence with national and global results. Results: Our study found that of all newly diagnosed HIV cases (167 cases—74 cases in 2021 and 98 cases in 2022), 49.70% were diagnosed with HIV infection and 50.30% had AIDS. Based on sex correlated with the CD4+ T-lymphocyte level, the most affected were males, with a lower CD4+ T-lymphocyte level overall. The average HIV viral load was 944,689.55 copies/mL. Half of males had an abnormal ALT or AST (39.53% and 49.61%); as for the females, less than a quarter had an increased value of ALT or AST, respectively (18% and 26%). The most frequent co-infections were as follows: oral candidiasis (34.73% of patients), hepatitis B (17.37% of patients), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (8.38%), followed by hepatitis C (6.39%), tuberculosis (TB), syphilis, toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus, Cytomegalovirus infections. Males were more affected than females, with a higher percentage of co-infections. The prescribed antiretroviral treatment focused on a single-pill regimen (79.04%) to ensure adherence, effectiveness, and safety. Therefore, 20.96% had been prescribed a regimen according to their comorbidities. Conclusions: Our study found a concerning rise in the incidence of HIV in 2022 compared to that in 2021 in Northeastern Romania, because of the rise in post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic addressability. Advanced immunodeficiency and the burden of opportunistic infections characterize newly diagnosed HIV patients. The physicians should keep in mind that these patients may have more than one clinical condition at presentation. MDPI 2023-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10056804/ /pubmed/36984440 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030440 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Loghin, Isabela Ioana
Vâţă, Andrei
Mihai, Ioana Florina
Silvaş, George
Rusu, Şerban Alin
Luca, Cătălina Mihaela
Dorobăţ, Carmen Mihaela
Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title_full Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title_fullStr Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title_full_unstemmed Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title_short Profile of Newly Diagnosed Patients with HIV Infection in North-Eastern Romania
title_sort profile of newly diagnosed patients with hiv infection in north-eastern romania
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10056804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984440
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030440
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