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The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach

In recent decades, various species of Mediterranean sea urchins, including Paracentrotus lividus, have been subject to widespread seasonal episodes of mass mortality whose causative agents are still unclear. In particular, P. lividus is subject to late winter events of mortality, due to a disease ma...

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Autores principales: Federico, Serena, Glaviano, Francesca, Esposito, Roberta, Tentoni, Enea, Santoro, Pasquale, Caramiello, Davide, Costantini, Maria, Zupo, Valerio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10056887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985336
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030763
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author Federico, Serena
Glaviano, Francesca
Esposito, Roberta
Tentoni, Enea
Santoro, Pasquale
Caramiello, Davide
Costantini, Maria
Zupo, Valerio
author_facet Federico, Serena
Glaviano, Francesca
Esposito, Roberta
Tentoni, Enea
Santoro, Pasquale
Caramiello, Davide
Costantini, Maria
Zupo, Valerio
author_sort Federico, Serena
collection PubMed
description In recent decades, various species of Mediterranean sea urchins, including Paracentrotus lividus, have been subject to widespread seasonal episodes of mass mortality whose causative agents are still unclear. In particular, P. lividus is subject to late winter events of mortality, due to a disease manifested by a massive loss of spines and the presence of greenish amorphous material on the tests (i.e., the sea urchin skeleton consisting of spongeous calcite). Documented mortality events show a seasonal epidemic diffusion and might produce economic losses also in aquaculture facilities, besides the environmental constraints to its diffusion. We collected individuals showing conspicuous lesions on the body surface and reared them in recirculated aquaria. Samples of external mucous were collected along with coelomic liquids and cultured to isolate bacterial and fungal strains, further submitted to molecular identification through the amplification of prokaryotic 16S rDNA. In addition, pools of infected sea urchins were reared in recirculated tanks after short baths in a formulated therapeutic compound and their survival rates were compared to non-treated individuals for variable periods. Here, we aimed at a redescription of the etiopathogenetic nature of the parasites and tested the efficacy of a possible treatment, to be proposed for aquaculture purposes.
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spelling pubmed-100568872023-03-30 The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach Federico, Serena Glaviano, Francesca Esposito, Roberta Tentoni, Enea Santoro, Pasquale Caramiello, Davide Costantini, Maria Zupo, Valerio Microorganisms Article In recent decades, various species of Mediterranean sea urchins, including Paracentrotus lividus, have been subject to widespread seasonal episodes of mass mortality whose causative agents are still unclear. In particular, P. lividus is subject to late winter events of mortality, due to a disease manifested by a massive loss of spines and the presence of greenish amorphous material on the tests (i.e., the sea urchin skeleton consisting of spongeous calcite). Documented mortality events show a seasonal epidemic diffusion and might produce economic losses also in aquaculture facilities, besides the environmental constraints to its diffusion. We collected individuals showing conspicuous lesions on the body surface and reared them in recirculated aquaria. Samples of external mucous were collected along with coelomic liquids and cultured to isolate bacterial and fungal strains, further submitted to molecular identification through the amplification of prokaryotic 16S rDNA. In addition, pools of infected sea urchins were reared in recirculated tanks after short baths in a formulated therapeutic compound and their survival rates were compared to non-treated individuals for variable periods. Here, we aimed at a redescription of the etiopathogenetic nature of the parasites and tested the efficacy of a possible treatment, to be proposed for aquaculture purposes. MDPI 2023-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10056887/ /pubmed/36985336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030763 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Federico, Serena
Glaviano, Francesca
Esposito, Roberta
Tentoni, Enea
Santoro, Pasquale
Caramiello, Davide
Costantini, Maria
Zupo, Valerio
The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title_full The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title_fullStr The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title_full_unstemmed The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title_short The “Bald Disease” of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Pathogenicity, Molecular Identification of the Causative Agent and Therapeutic Approach
title_sort “bald disease” of the sea urchin paracentrotus lividus: pathogenicity, molecular identification of the causative agent and therapeutic approach
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10056887/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36985336
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030763
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