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Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies
The SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 pandemic have spread across the world and severely impacted patients living with hematological conditions. Immunocompromised patients experience rapidly progressing symptoms following COVID-19 infection and are at high risk of death. In efforts to protect the vu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030662 |
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author | Yazdani, Armand N. DeMarco, Nathaniel Patel, Parth Abdi, Arian Velpuri, Prathosh Agrawal, Devendra K. Rai, Vikrant |
author_facet | Yazdani, Armand N. DeMarco, Nathaniel Patel, Parth Abdi, Arian Velpuri, Prathosh Agrawal, Devendra K. Rai, Vikrant |
author_sort | Yazdani, Armand N. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 pandemic have spread across the world and severely impacted patients living with hematological conditions. Immunocompromised patients experience rapidly progressing symptoms following COVID-19 infection and are at high risk of death. In efforts to protect the vulnerable population, vaccination efforts have increased exponentially in the past 2 years. Although COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective, mild to moderate side effects such as headache, fatigue, and soreness at the injection site have been reported. In addition, there are reports of rare side effects, including anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, myocarditis, and pericarditis after vaccination. Further, hematological abnormalities and a very low and transient response in patients with hematological conditions after vaccination raise concerns. The objective of this review is to first briefly discuss the hematological adverse effects associated with COVID-19 infection in general populations followed by critically analyzing the side effects and pathomechanisms of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients with hematological and solid malignancies. We reviewed the published literature, with a focus on hematological abnormalities associated with COVID-19 infection followed by the hematological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination, and the mechanisms by which complications can occur. We extend this discussion to include the viability of vaccination efforts within immune-compromised patients. The primary aim is to provide clinicians with critical hematologic information on COVID-19 vaccination so that they can make informed decisions on how to protect their at-risk patients. The secondary goal is to clarify the adverse hematological effects associated with infection and vaccination within the general population to support continued vaccination within this group. There is a clear need to protect patients with hematological conditions from infection and modulate vaccine programs and procedures for these patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10058097 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100580972023-03-30 Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies Yazdani, Armand N. DeMarco, Nathaniel Patel, Parth Abdi, Arian Velpuri, Prathosh Agrawal, Devendra K. Rai, Vikrant Vaccines (Basel) Review The SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 pandemic have spread across the world and severely impacted patients living with hematological conditions. Immunocompromised patients experience rapidly progressing symptoms following COVID-19 infection and are at high risk of death. In efforts to protect the vulnerable population, vaccination efforts have increased exponentially in the past 2 years. Although COVID-19 vaccination is safe and effective, mild to moderate side effects such as headache, fatigue, and soreness at the injection site have been reported. In addition, there are reports of rare side effects, including anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, myocarditis, and pericarditis after vaccination. Further, hematological abnormalities and a very low and transient response in patients with hematological conditions after vaccination raise concerns. The objective of this review is to first briefly discuss the hematological adverse effects associated with COVID-19 infection in general populations followed by critically analyzing the side effects and pathomechanisms of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients with hematological and solid malignancies. We reviewed the published literature, with a focus on hematological abnormalities associated with COVID-19 infection followed by the hematological side effects of COVID-19 vaccination, and the mechanisms by which complications can occur. We extend this discussion to include the viability of vaccination efforts within immune-compromised patients. The primary aim is to provide clinicians with critical hematologic information on COVID-19 vaccination so that they can make informed decisions on how to protect their at-risk patients. The secondary goal is to clarify the adverse hematological effects associated with infection and vaccination within the general population to support continued vaccination within this group. There is a clear need to protect patients with hematological conditions from infection and modulate vaccine programs and procedures for these patients. MDPI 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10058097/ /pubmed/36992246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030662 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yazdani, Armand N. DeMarco, Nathaniel Patel, Parth Abdi, Arian Velpuri, Prathosh Agrawal, Devendra K. Rai, Vikrant Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title | Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title_full | Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title_fullStr | Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title_full_unstemmed | Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title_short | Adverse Hematological Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination and Pathomechanisms of Low Acquired Immunity in Patients with Hematological Malignancies |
title_sort | adverse hematological effects of covid-19 vaccination and pathomechanisms of low acquired immunity in patients with hematological malignancies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058097/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36992246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030662 |
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