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Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination
Seawater desalination is an affordable and viable solution to the growing freshwater scarcity problem in water scarce regions. The current study focuses on cost analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) setup for removing salts from water. The membrane used in the flat sheet VMD module was Poly...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030339 |
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author | Idrees, Hassaan Ali, Sara Sajid, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Khawaja, Fahad Iqbal Ali, Zaib Anwar, Muhammad Nabeel |
author_facet | Idrees, Hassaan Ali, Sara Sajid, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Khawaja, Fahad Iqbal Ali, Zaib Anwar, Muhammad Nabeel |
author_sort | Idrees, Hassaan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Seawater desalination is an affordable and viable solution to the growing freshwater scarcity problem in water scarce regions. The current study focuses on cost analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) setup for removing salts from water. The membrane used in the flat sheet VMD module was Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with 250 mm × 200 mm dimensions and 165 µm thickness. The experiments were carried out with variations in parameters such as velocity, pressure, concentration, and temperature. For the cost analysis, the operational, maintenance, instrumentation, and capital cost of the lab model was considered and then upscaled. A range of experiments was performed for NaCl and KCl under variations of operating parameters. It was noted that, for the NaCl solution, the increase in temperature from 50 °C to 70 °C doubled the permeate flux. However, for the conditions tested, the concentration shift from 0.25 M to 0.75 M decreased the permeate flux by 1.4% because the increase in ion concentrations along the membrane lowers the vapor pressure, restricting the permeate flux. The results trend for the KCl solution was similar to the NaCl; at temperature T1, it was noted that increased concentration from 0.25 M to 0.75 M significantly reduces the permeate flow. The reduction in permeate flow was nonlinear for a given pressure 30 kPa and velocity 5.22 m/s, but linear for all other variables. It was also observed that with an increase in temperature from 60 °C to 70 °C, the permeate flux for concentration 0.25 M was 49% for all the combinations of pressure and velocity. In addition, permeate flow increased 53% from temperature 50 °C to 60 °C and 49% from temperature 60 °C to 70 °C for both the solutions at a concentration of 0.25 M. This shows that the temperature also had a profound impact on the permeate flux. The economic analysis and market survey shows that the cost of clean water at the lab level was high which can be significantly reduced using a large-scale setup providing 1,000,000 L/H of distilled water. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10058618 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100586182023-03-30 Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination Idrees, Hassaan Ali, Sara Sajid, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Khawaja, Fahad Iqbal Ali, Zaib Anwar, Muhammad Nabeel Membranes (Basel) Article Seawater desalination is an affordable and viable solution to the growing freshwater scarcity problem in water scarce regions. The current study focuses on cost analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation (VMD) setup for removing salts from water. The membrane used in the flat sheet VMD module was Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with 250 mm × 200 mm dimensions and 165 µm thickness. The experiments were carried out with variations in parameters such as velocity, pressure, concentration, and temperature. For the cost analysis, the operational, maintenance, instrumentation, and capital cost of the lab model was considered and then upscaled. A range of experiments was performed for NaCl and KCl under variations of operating parameters. It was noted that, for the NaCl solution, the increase in temperature from 50 °C to 70 °C doubled the permeate flux. However, for the conditions tested, the concentration shift from 0.25 M to 0.75 M decreased the permeate flux by 1.4% because the increase in ion concentrations along the membrane lowers the vapor pressure, restricting the permeate flux. The results trend for the KCl solution was similar to the NaCl; at temperature T1, it was noted that increased concentration from 0.25 M to 0.75 M significantly reduces the permeate flow. The reduction in permeate flow was nonlinear for a given pressure 30 kPa and velocity 5.22 m/s, but linear for all other variables. It was also observed that with an increase in temperature from 60 °C to 70 °C, the permeate flux for concentration 0.25 M was 49% for all the combinations of pressure and velocity. In addition, permeate flow increased 53% from temperature 50 °C to 60 °C and 49% from temperature 60 °C to 70 °C for both the solutions at a concentration of 0.25 M. This shows that the temperature also had a profound impact on the permeate flux. The economic analysis and market survey shows that the cost of clean water at the lab level was high which can be significantly reduced using a large-scale setup providing 1,000,000 L/H of distilled water. MDPI 2023-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC10058618/ /pubmed/36984726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030339 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Idrees, Hassaan Ali, Sara Sajid, Muhammad Rashid, Muhammad Khawaja, Fahad Iqbal Ali, Zaib Anwar, Muhammad Nabeel Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title | Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title_full | Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title_fullStr | Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title_full_unstemmed | Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title_short | Techno-Economic Analysis of Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Seawater Desalination |
title_sort | techno-economic analysis of vacuum membrane distillation for seawater desalination |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058618/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36984726 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030339 |
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