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Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm

Unlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility o...

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Autores principales: Xu, Yanhong, Huang, Xiao, Wang, Anyi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36991818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063107
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author Xu, Yanhong
Huang, Xiao
Wang, Anyi
author_facet Xu, Yanhong
Huang, Xiao
Wang, Anyi
author_sort Xu, Yanhong
collection PubMed
description Unlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility of an array antenna. Nevertheless, an FDA with uniform inter-element spacing that consists of a huge number of elements is required when a high resolution is needed, which results in a high cost. To substantially reduce the cost while almost maintaining the antenna resolution, it is important to conduct a sparse synthesis of FDA. Under these circumstances, this paper investigated the transmit–receive beamforming of a sparse-fda in range and angle dimensions. In particular, the joint transmit–receive signal formula was first derived and analyzed to resolve the inherent time-varying characteristics of FDA based on a cost-effective signal processing diagram. In the sequel, the GA-based low sidelobe level (SLL) transmit–receive beamforming of the sparse-fda was proposed to generate a focused main lobe in a range-angle space, where the array element positions were incorporated into the optimization problem. Numerical results showed that 50% of the elements can be saved for the two linear FDAs with sinusoidally and logarithmically varying frequency offsets, respectively termed as sin-FO linear-FDA and log-FO linear-FDA, with only a less than 1 dB increment in SLL. The resultant SLLs are below −9.6 dB, and −12.9 dB for these two linear FDAs, respectively.
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spelling pubmed-100586942023-03-30 Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm Xu, Yanhong Huang, Xiao Wang, Anyi Sensors (Basel) Article Unlike conventional phased array (PA), frequency diversity array (FDA) can perform the beampattern synthesis not only in an angle dimension but also in a range dimension by introducing an additional frequency offset (FO) across the array aperture, thus greatly enhancing the beamforming flexibility of an array antenna. Nevertheless, an FDA with uniform inter-element spacing that consists of a huge number of elements is required when a high resolution is needed, which results in a high cost. To substantially reduce the cost while almost maintaining the antenna resolution, it is important to conduct a sparse synthesis of FDA. Under these circumstances, this paper investigated the transmit–receive beamforming of a sparse-fda in range and angle dimensions. In particular, the joint transmit–receive signal formula was first derived and analyzed to resolve the inherent time-varying characteristics of FDA based on a cost-effective signal processing diagram. In the sequel, the GA-based low sidelobe level (SLL) transmit–receive beamforming of the sparse-fda was proposed to generate a focused main lobe in a range-angle space, where the array element positions were incorporated into the optimization problem. Numerical results showed that 50% of the elements can be saved for the two linear FDAs with sinusoidally and logarithmically varying frequency offsets, respectively termed as sin-FO linear-FDA and log-FO linear-FDA, with only a less than 1 dB increment in SLL. The resultant SLLs are below −9.6 dB, and −12.9 dB for these two linear FDAs, respectively. MDPI 2023-03-14 /pmc/articles/PMC10058694/ /pubmed/36991818 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063107 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Xu, Yanhong
Huang, Xiao
Wang, Anyi
Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title_full Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title_fullStr Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title_short Transmit–Receive Sparse Synthesis of Linear Frequency Diverse Array in Range-Angle Space Using Genetic Algorithm
title_sort transmit–receive sparse synthesis of linear frequency diverse array in range-angle space using genetic algorithm
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10058694/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36991818
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063107
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