Cargando…

Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals

INTRODUCTION: Both obesity and a poor diet are considered major risk factors for triggering insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to the impact of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the keto diet and the Atkins diet, on weight loss in individual...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Al-Reshed, Fatema, Sindhu, Sardar, Al Madhoun, Ashraf, Bahman, Fatemah, AlSaeed, Halemah, Akhter, Nadeem, Malik, Md. Zubbair, Alzaid, Fawaz, Al-Mulla, Fahd, Ahmad, Rasheed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10061153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37006572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115333
_version_ 1785017237887778816
author Al-Reshed, Fatema
Sindhu, Sardar
Al Madhoun, Ashraf
Bahman, Fatemah
AlSaeed, Halemah
Akhter, Nadeem
Malik, Md. Zubbair
Alzaid, Fawaz
Al-Mulla, Fahd
Ahmad, Rasheed
author_facet Al-Reshed, Fatema
Sindhu, Sardar
Al Madhoun, Ashraf
Bahman, Fatemah
AlSaeed, Halemah
Akhter, Nadeem
Malik, Md. Zubbair
Alzaid, Fawaz
Al-Mulla, Fahd
Ahmad, Rasheed
author_sort Al-Reshed, Fatema
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Both obesity and a poor diet are considered major risk factors for triggering insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to the impact of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the keto diet and the Atkins diet, on weight loss in individuals with obesity, these diets have become an effective strategy for a healthy lifestyle. However, the impact of the ketogenic diet on IRS in healthy individuals of a normal weight has been less well researched. This study presents a cross-sectional observational study that aimed to investigate the effect of low carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight with regard to glucose homeostasis, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. METHODS: The study included 120 participants who were healthy, had a normal weight (BMI 25 kg/m(2)), and had no history of a major medical condition. Self-reported dietary intake and objective physical activity measured by accelerometry were tracked for 7 days. The participants were divided into three groups according to their dietary intake of carbohydrates: the low-carbohydrate (LC) group (those consuming <45% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), the recommended range of carbohydrate (RC) group (those consuming 45–65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), and the high-carbohydrate (HC) group (those consuming more than 65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates). Blood samples were collected for the analysis of metabolic markers. HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β), as well as C-peptide levels, were used for the evaluation of glucose homeostasis. RESULTS: Low carbohydrate intake (<45% of total energy) was found to significantly correlate with dysregulated glucose homeostasis as measured by elevations in HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% assessment, and C-peptide levels. Low carbohydrate intake was also found to be coupled with lower serum bicarbonate and serum albumin levels, with an increased anion gap indicating metabolic acidosis. The elevation in C-peptide under low carbohydrate intake was found to be positively correlated with the secretion of IRS-related inflammatory markers, including FGF2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-17A, and MDC, but negatively correlated with IL-3. DISCUSSION: Overall, the findings of the study showed that, for the first time, low-carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight might lead to dysfunctional glucose homeostasis, increased metabolic acidosis, and the possibility of triggering inflammation by C-peptide elevation in plasma.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10061153
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-100611532023-03-31 Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals Al-Reshed, Fatema Sindhu, Sardar Al Madhoun, Ashraf Bahman, Fatemah AlSaeed, Halemah Akhter, Nadeem Malik, Md. Zubbair Alzaid, Fawaz Al-Mulla, Fahd Ahmad, Rasheed Front Public Health Public Health INTRODUCTION: Both obesity and a poor diet are considered major risk factors for triggering insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to the impact of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the keto diet and the Atkins diet, on weight loss in individuals with obesity, these diets have become an effective strategy for a healthy lifestyle. However, the impact of the ketogenic diet on IRS in healthy individuals of a normal weight has been less well researched. This study presents a cross-sectional observational study that aimed to investigate the effect of low carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight with regard to glucose homeostasis, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. METHODS: The study included 120 participants who were healthy, had a normal weight (BMI 25 kg/m(2)), and had no history of a major medical condition. Self-reported dietary intake and objective physical activity measured by accelerometry were tracked for 7 days. The participants were divided into three groups according to their dietary intake of carbohydrates: the low-carbohydrate (LC) group (those consuming <45% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), the recommended range of carbohydrate (RC) group (those consuming 45–65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), and the high-carbohydrate (HC) group (those consuming more than 65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates). Blood samples were collected for the analysis of metabolic markers. HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β), as well as C-peptide levels, were used for the evaluation of glucose homeostasis. RESULTS: Low carbohydrate intake (<45% of total energy) was found to significantly correlate with dysregulated glucose homeostasis as measured by elevations in HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% assessment, and C-peptide levels. Low carbohydrate intake was also found to be coupled with lower serum bicarbonate and serum albumin levels, with an increased anion gap indicating metabolic acidosis. The elevation in C-peptide under low carbohydrate intake was found to be positively correlated with the secretion of IRS-related inflammatory markers, including FGF2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-17A, and MDC, but negatively correlated with IL-3. DISCUSSION: Overall, the findings of the study showed that, for the first time, low-carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight might lead to dysfunctional glucose homeostasis, increased metabolic acidosis, and the possibility of triggering inflammation by C-peptide elevation in plasma. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC10061153/ /pubmed/37006572 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115333 Text en Copyright © 2023 Al-Reshed, Sindhu, Al Madhoun, Bahman, AlSaeed, Akhter, Malik, Alzaid, Al-Mulla and Ahmad. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Al-Reshed, Fatema
Sindhu, Sardar
Al Madhoun, Ashraf
Bahman, Fatemah
AlSaeed, Halemah
Akhter, Nadeem
Malik, Md. Zubbair
Alzaid, Fawaz
Al-Mulla, Fahd
Ahmad, Rasheed
Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title_full Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title_fullStr Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title_full_unstemmed Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title_short Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
title_sort low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10061153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37006572
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115333
work_keys_str_mv AT alreshedfatema lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT sindhusardar lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT almadhounashraf lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT bahmanfatemah lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT alsaeedhalemah lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT akhternadeem lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT malikmdzubbair lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT alzaidfawaz lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT almullafahd lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals
AT ahmadrasheed lowcarbohydrateintakecorrelateswithtrendsofinsulinresistanceandmetabolicacidosisinhealthyleanindividuals