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What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates?
The SARS-CoV-2 is a deceptive virus. Despite the remarkable progress in genetic sequencing and subsequent vaccine development, the world continues to grapple with the ominous threats of rapidly appearing SARS-CoV-2 variants. The objective of this manuscript is to rank world countries based on the an...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37000395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26632-y |
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author | Arbel, Yuval Arbel, Yifat Kerner, Amichai Kerner, Miryam |
author_facet | Arbel, Yuval Arbel, Yifat Kerner, Amichai Kerner, Miryam |
author_sort | Arbel, Yuval |
collection | PubMed |
description | The SARS-CoV-2 is a deceptive virus. Despite the remarkable progress in genetic sequencing and subsequent vaccine development, the world continues to grapple with the ominous threats of rapidly appearing SARS-CoV-2 variants. The objective of this manuscript is to rank world countries based on the anticipated scope of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, measured in terms of prevalence per 1 million persons, from the lowest to the highest. The ranking of 162 countries is based on predictions of empirical models, which include three explanatory variables: hospital beds per thousand persons, population density, and the median age of the country’s population. Referring to the COVID-19 scope of morbidity, the lowest likelihood of infection is obtained in Niger and Mali, where the dominant characteristic is the young median age (15.1–16.4 years). Referring to the COVID-19 scope of mortality, the lowest likelihood is obtained in Singapore. For Singapore, the dominant feature is the high population density. The optimal solution is intensive vaccination campaigns in the initial phase of the pandemic, particularly among countries with low GDP per capita. Yet, vaccinations may work only where the personal immune system is healthy and thus respond by creating antibodies to the SARS-CoV2 virus. Referring to populations that lack the natural protection of the healthy immune system and thus cannot be vaccinated (e.g., old people, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments), a complementary solution might be coordination between countries and the establishment of field hospitals, testing laboratories, isolation of areas, humanitarian aid—in the same manner of treatment in other disasters like earthquakes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10063940 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100639402023-03-31 What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? Arbel, Yuval Arbel, Yifat Kerner, Amichai Kerner, Miryam Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Research Article The SARS-CoV-2 is a deceptive virus. Despite the remarkable progress in genetic sequencing and subsequent vaccine development, the world continues to grapple with the ominous threats of rapidly appearing SARS-CoV-2 variants. The objective of this manuscript is to rank world countries based on the anticipated scope of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, measured in terms of prevalence per 1 million persons, from the lowest to the highest. The ranking of 162 countries is based on predictions of empirical models, which include three explanatory variables: hospital beds per thousand persons, population density, and the median age of the country’s population. Referring to the COVID-19 scope of morbidity, the lowest likelihood of infection is obtained in Niger and Mali, where the dominant characteristic is the young median age (15.1–16.4 years). Referring to the COVID-19 scope of mortality, the lowest likelihood is obtained in Singapore. For Singapore, the dominant feature is the high population density. The optimal solution is intensive vaccination campaigns in the initial phase of the pandemic, particularly among countries with low GDP per capita. Yet, vaccinations may work only where the personal immune system is healthy and thus respond by creating antibodies to the SARS-CoV2 virus. Referring to populations that lack the natural protection of the healthy immune system and thus cannot be vaccinated (e.g., old people, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatments), a complementary solution might be coordination between countries and the establishment of field hospitals, testing laboratories, isolation of areas, humanitarian aid—in the same manner of treatment in other disasters like earthquakes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-03-31 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10063940/ /pubmed/37000395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26632-y Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Arbel, Yuval Arbel, Yifat Kerner, Amichai Kerner, Miryam What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title | What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title_full | What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title_fullStr | What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title_full_unstemmed | What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title_short | What is the optimal country for minimum COVID-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
title_sort | what is the optimal country for minimum covid-19 morbidity and mortality rates? |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063940/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37000395 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26632-y |
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