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Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease

Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public health hazards, especially in today’s Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has been established that links IR with CVD. The mediating mechanisms are perplexing, under ongoing, rigorous investigation an...

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Autores principales: Kosmas, Constantine E., Bousvarou, Maria D., Kostara, Christina E., Papakonstantinou, Evangelia J., Salamou, Evdokia, Guzman, Eliscer
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36994866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605231164548
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author Kosmas, Constantine E.
Bousvarou, Maria D.
Kostara, Christina E.
Papakonstantinou, Evangelia J.
Salamou, Evdokia
Guzman, Eliscer
author_facet Kosmas, Constantine E.
Bousvarou, Maria D.
Kostara, Christina E.
Papakonstantinou, Evangelia J.
Salamou, Evdokia
Guzman, Eliscer
author_sort Kosmas, Constantine E.
collection PubMed
description Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public health hazards, especially in today’s Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has been established that links IR with CVD. The mediating mechanisms are perplexing, under ongoing, rigorous investigation and remain to be fully elucidated. IR is a condition encompassing hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. It occurs when insulin is not capable of exerting its maximum effects on target tissues, including skeletal muscles, liver and adipose tissue. This alteration of insulin signaling pathways results in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, all of which are predisposing factors for atherosclerosis and CVD. The management of IR can be achieved through dietary modifications, the inclusion of regular exercise routines in everyday life, pharmacological agents and other interventions tailored to each individual patient’s needs. It is important to underline though that, although various antidiabetic drugs that may improve IR are available, no medications are as yet specifically approved for the treatment of IR. This narrative review will focus on the current scientific and clinical evidence pertaining to IR, the mechanisms connecting IR with CVD, as well as plausible strategies for a holistic, personalized approach for IR management.
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spelling pubmed-100690062023-04-04 Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease Kosmas, Constantine E. Bousvarou, Maria D. Kostara, Christina E. Papakonstantinou, Evangelia J. Salamou, Evdokia Guzman, Eliscer J Int Med Res Review Insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) represent two universal public health hazards, especially in today’s Western societies. A causal-effect relationship has been established that links IR with CVD. The mediating mechanisms are perplexing, under ongoing, rigorous investigation and remain to be fully elucidated. IR is a condition encompassing hyperglycemia and compensatory hyperinsulinemia. It occurs when insulin is not capable of exerting its maximum effects on target tissues, including skeletal muscles, liver and adipose tissue. This alteration of insulin signaling pathways results in the development of cardiometabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, all of which are predisposing factors for atherosclerosis and CVD. The management of IR can be achieved through dietary modifications, the inclusion of regular exercise routines in everyday life, pharmacological agents and other interventions tailored to each individual patient’s needs. It is important to underline though that, although various antidiabetic drugs that may improve IR are available, no medications are as yet specifically approved for the treatment of IR. This narrative review will focus on the current scientific and clinical evidence pertaining to IR, the mechanisms connecting IR with CVD, as well as plausible strategies for a holistic, personalized approach for IR management. SAGE Publications 2023-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC10069006/ /pubmed/36994866 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605231164548 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review
Kosmas, Constantine E.
Bousvarou, Maria D.
Kostara, Christina E.
Papakonstantinou, Evangelia J.
Salamou, Evdokia
Guzman, Eliscer
Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title_full Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title_fullStr Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title_full_unstemmed Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title_short Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
title_sort insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36994866
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605231164548
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