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Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a leading cause of premature death worldwide and incidence is expected to rise in the coming decades. Many cohort studies, measuring lifestyle factors at one time-point, have observed that overall healthy lifestyles were inversely related to cancer incidence. However, there is...

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Autores principales: Chen, Sairah L. F., Nøst, Therese H., Botteri, Edoardo, Ferrari, Pietro, Braaten, Tonje, Sandanger, Torkjel M., Borch, Kristin B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37013506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15476-3
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author Chen, Sairah L. F.
Nøst, Therese H.
Botteri, Edoardo
Ferrari, Pietro
Braaten, Tonje
Sandanger, Torkjel M.
Borch, Kristin B.
author_facet Chen, Sairah L. F.
Nøst, Therese H.
Botteri, Edoardo
Ferrari, Pietro
Braaten, Tonje
Sandanger, Torkjel M.
Borch, Kristin B.
author_sort Chen, Sairah L. F.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cancer is a leading cause of premature death worldwide and incidence is expected to rise in the coming decades. Many cohort studies, measuring lifestyle factors at one time-point, have observed that overall healthy lifestyles were inversely related to cancer incidence. However, there is little knowledge on the impact of lifestyle modification within adulthood. METHODS: Using the Norwegian Women and Cancer study, two repeated self-reported assessments of lifestyle behaviours were used to calculate healthy lifestyle index scores at each time-point (N = 66 233). The associations between change in healthy lifestyle index score and lifestyle-related cancer incidence, including alcohol-, tobacco-, obesity-, and reproductive-related, and site-specific breast and colorectal cancer incidence were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. To assess nonlinearity in the dose–response relationships, restricted cubic spline models were used. RESULTS: Independent of baseline lifestyle, positive lifestyle changes were inversely related to the incidence of overall lifestyle-related cancers, as well as alcohol-related, tobacco-related, obesity-related, and reproductive-related cancers, but not breast and colorectal site-specific cancers. An association between lifestyle worsening and cancer incidence compared to stable lifestyle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that overall lifestyle changes among cancer-free women between the ages of 41 and 76 impact the incidence of many cancer types. Regardless of baseline lifestyle, there was a negative dose–response relationship between magnitude of positive lifestyle change and the incidence of overall lifestyle-related cancers. We observed that underlying this trend was an especially clear association between lifestyle worsening and increased risk compared to stable lifestyle. For adult women, maintaining a stable healthy lifestyle and lifestyle improvement are important for preventing the occurrence of many cancer types. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15476-3.
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spelling pubmed-100690352023-04-04 Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study Chen, Sairah L. F. Nøst, Therese H. Botteri, Edoardo Ferrari, Pietro Braaten, Tonje Sandanger, Torkjel M. Borch, Kristin B. BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Cancer is a leading cause of premature death worldwide and incidence is expected to rise in the coming decades. Many cohort studies, measuring lifestyle factors at one time-point, have observed that overall healthy lifestyles were inversely related to cancer incidence. However, there is little knowledge on the impact of lifestyle modification within adulthood. METHODS: Using the Norwegian Women and Cancer study, two repeated self-reported assessments of lifestyle behaviours were used to calculate healthy lifestyle index scores at each time-point (N = 66 233). The associations between change in healthy lifestyle index score and lifestyle-related cancer incidence, including alcohol-, tobacco-, obesity-, and reproductive-related, and site-specific breast and colorectal cancer incidence were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. To assess nonlinearity in the dose–response relationships, restricted cubic spline models were used. RESULTS: Independent of baseline lifestyle, positive lifestyle changes were inversely related to the incidence of overall lifestyle-related cancers, as well as alcohol-related, tobacco-related, obesity-related, and reproductive-related cancers, but not breast and colorectal site-specific cancers. An association between lifestyle worsening and cancer incidence compared to stable lifestyle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that overall lifestyle changes among cancer-free women between the ages of 41 and 76 impact the incidence of many cancer types. Regardless of baseline lifestyle, there was a negative dose–response relationship between magnitude of positive lifestyle change and the incidence of overall lifestyle-related cancers. We observed that underlying this trend was an especially clear association between lifestyle worsening and increased risk compared to stable lifestyle. For adult women, maintaining a stable healthy lifestyle and lifestyle improvement are important for preventing the occurrence of many cancer types. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-023-15476-3. BioMed Central 2023-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC10069035/ /pubmed/37013506 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15476-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Chen, Sairah L. F.
Nøst, Therese H.
Botteri, Edoardo
Ferrari, Pietro
Braaten, Tonje
Sandanger, Torkjel M.
Borch, Kristin B.
Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title_full Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title_fullStr Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title_short Overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC) – a prospective cohort study
title_sort overall lifestyle changes in adulthood are associated with cancer incidence in the norwegian women and cancer study (nowac) – a prospective cohort study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069035/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37013506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15476-3
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