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The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hematological disorder with a high prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Despite that, limited studies are available in our region regarding cardiovascular complications. Objectives The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovasc...

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Autores principales: Waggass, Rahaf, Alhindi, Abeer K, Bagabas, Inas S, Alsaegh, Mawaddah H, Alsharef, Noor K, Morya, Roaa E, Khan, Muhammad A, Jastaniah, Wasil
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069165/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37020484
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35751
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author Waggass, Rahaf
Alhindi, Abeer K
Bagabas, Inas S
Alsaegh, Mawaddah H
Alsharef, Noor K
Morya, Roaa E
Khan, Muhammad A
Jastaniah, Wasil
author_facet Waggass, Rahaf
Alhindi, Abeer K
Bagabas, Inas S
Alsaegh, Mawaddah H
Alsharef, Noor K
Morya, Roaa E
Khan, Muhammad A
Jastaniah, Wasil
author_sort Waggass, Rahaf
collection PubMed
description Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hematological disorder with a high prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Despite that, limited studies are available in our region regarding cardiovascular complications. Objectives The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular complications among children with SCD. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Setting The study took place at a single tertiary-care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The study reviewed 126 electronic records of pediatric patients up to 16 years old diagnosed with SCD between January 2008 and December 2019 in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Of these, 54 patients had a previous echocardiogram evaluation and were eligible for the study. Main outcomes measures The study identified cardiovascular complications in pediatric sickle cell patients. Sample size The study included a total of 54 pediatric sickle cell patients. Results The mean age was 11.9 (3.48) years, the male-to-female ratio was 2:1, the majority (94.4%) had the HbSS-HbSβ0 genotype, the mean baseline hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin) was 20.30 (9.03%), and the clinical severity score was severe in 19 (35.2%) and mild/moderate in 35 (64.8%) patients. Cardiovascular complications occurred in 32 (59.3%) patients. Increased systolic blood pressure was detected in 10 (18.5%) patients. Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation in nine (16.7%) patients, tricuspid valve insufficiency in six (11.1%) patients, mitral valve insufficiency in four (7.4%) patients, hyperdynamic left ventricle in one (1.9%) patient, and pulmonary hypertension in one (1.9%) patient. Long QTc interval was noticed in three (5.6%) and cardiomegaly was detected in 18 (33.3%) patients. Conclusion Cardiovascular complications occurred at a high frequency in our pediatric population despite high baseline hemoglobin F levels. Early evaluation and continuous monitoring are important for early intervention.
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spelling pubmed-100691652023-04-04 The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia Waggass, Rahaf Alhindi, Abeer K Bagabas, Inas S Alsaegh, Mawaddah H Alsharef, Noor K Morya, Roaa E Khan, Muhammad A Jastaniah, Wasil Cureus Cardiology Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common hematological disorder with a high prevalence in Saudi Arabia. Despite that, limited studies are available in our region regarding cardiovascular complications. Objectives The objective of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular complications among children with SCD. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Setting The study took place at a single tertiary-care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods The study reviewed 126 electronic records of pediatric patients up to 16 years old diagnosed with SCD between January 2008 and December 2019 in King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Of these, 54 patients had a previous echocardiogram evaluation and were eligible for the study. Main outcomes measures The study identified cardiovascular complications in pediatric sickle cell patients. Sample size The study included a total of 54 pediatric sickle cell patients. Results The mean age was 11.9 (3.48) years, the male-to-female ratio was 2:1, the majority (94.4%) had the HbSS-HbSβ0 genotype, the mean baseline hemoglobin F (fetal hemoglobin) was 20.30 (9.03%), and the clinical severity score was severe in 19 (35.2%) and mild/moderate in 35 (64.8%) patients. Cardiovascular complications occurred in 32 (59.3%) patients. Increased systolic blood pressure was detected in 10 (18.5%) patients. Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation in nine (16.7%) patients, tricuspid valve insufficiency in six (11.1%) patients, mitral valve insufficiency in four (7.4%) patients, hyperdynamic left ventricle in one (1.9%) patient, and pulmonary hypertension in one (1.9%) patient. Long QTc interval was noticed in three (5.6%) and cardiomegaly was detected in 18 (33.3%) patients. Conclusion Cardiovascular complications occurred at a high frequency in our pediatric population despite high baseline hemoglobin F levels. Early evaluation and continuous monitoring are important for early intervention. Cureus 2023-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10069165/ /pubmed/37020484 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35751 Text en Copyright © 2023, Waggass et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Cardiology
Waggass, Rahaf
Alhindi, Abeer K
Bagabas, Inas S
Alsaegh, Mawaddah H
Alsharef, Noor K
Morya, Roaa E
Khan, Muhammad A
Jastaniah, Wasil
The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title_full The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title_short The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia Patients in a Large Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
title_sort prevalence of cardiovascular manifestations in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients in a large tertiary care hospital in the western region of saudi arabia
topic Cardiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069165/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37020484
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.35751
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