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Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives
The rapidly increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is causing high demand for production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Tremendous efforts have been made to develop different components of LIBs in addition to design of battery pack architectures as well as manufacturing processes...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37020621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200212 |
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author | Hantanasirisakul, Kanit Sawangphruk, Montree |
author_facet | Hantanasirisakul, Kanit Sawangphruk, Montree |
author_sort | Hantanasirisakul, Kanit |
collection | PubMed |
description | The rapidly increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is causing high demand for production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Tremendous efforts have been made to develop different components of LIBs in addition to design of battery pack architectures as well as manufacturing processes to make better batteries with affordable prices. Nonetheless, sustainable use of LIBs relies on the availability and cost of rare metals, which are naturally concentrated in a few countries. In addition, toxic electrolytes used in LIBs pose concerns on environmental impacts if LIBs are not handled properly after decommissioned from EVs. Therefore, it is paramount to realize effective utilization of spent LIBs, where their remaining capacities can be reused in less demanding applications. Finally, electrode materials and other valuable components of LIBs can be recovered via recycling, completing their circular life cycle. In this review, available options of LIBs after their retirement from EV applications, including battery second use, repair of electrode materials by direct regeneration, and material recovery by hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes are discussed. Throughout the review, the discussion is based around current available technologies, their environmental impacts, and economic feasibility as well as provided examples of pilot and industrial scale adoption of the processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10069312 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100693122023-04-04 Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives Hantanasirisakul, Kanit Sawangphruk, Montree Glob Chall Reviews The rapidly increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) worldwide is causing high demand for production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Tremendous efforts have been made to develop different components of LIBs in addition to design of battery pack architectures as well as manufacturing processes to make better batteries with affordable prices. Nonetheless, sustainable use of LIBs relies on the availability and cost of rare metals, which are naturally concentrated in a few countries. In addition, toxic electrolytes used in LIBs pose concerns on environmental impacts if LIBs are not handled properly after decommissioned from EVs. Therefore, it is paramount to realize effective utilization of spent LIBs, where their remaining capacities can be reused in less demanding applications. Finally, electrode materials and other valuable components of LIBs can be recovered via recycling, completing their circular life cycle. In this review, available options of LIBs after their retirement from EV applications, including battery second use, repair of electrode materials by direct regeneration, and material recovery by hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes are discussed. Throughout the review, the discussion is based around current available technologies, their environmental impacts, and economic feasibility as well as provided examples of pilot and industrial scale adoption of the processes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2023-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10069312/ /pubmed/37020621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200212 Text en © 2023 The Authors. Global Challenges published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Hantanasirisakul, Kanit Sawangphruk, Montree Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title | Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title_full | Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title_fullStr | Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title_short | Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li‐Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives |
title_sort | sustainable reuse and recycling of spent li‐ion batteries from electric vehicles: chemical, environmental, and economical perspectives |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10069312/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37020621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202200212 |
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