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Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers

INTRODUCTION: Within the context of the yearly improvement of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Chinese cities, Surface ozone (O(3)) concentrations are increasing instead of decreasing and are becoming the second most important air pollutant after PM. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of...

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Autores principales: He, Chao, Wu, Qian, Li, Bin, Liu, Jianhua, Gong, Xi, Zhang, Lu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10071862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37026118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131753
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author He, Chao
Wu, Qian
Li, Bin
Liu, Jianhua
Gong, Xi
Zhang, Lu
author_facet He, Chao
Wu, Qian
Li, Bin
Liu, Jianhua
Gong, Xi
Zhang, Lu
author_sort He, Chao
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Within the context of the yearly improvement of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Chinese cities, Surface ozone (O(3)) concentrations are increasing instead of decreasing and are becoming the second most important air pollutant after PM. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O(3) can have adverse effects on human health. In-depth investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns, exposure risks, and drivers of O(3) is relevant for assessing the future health burden of O(3) pollution and implementing air pollution control policies in China. METHODS: Based on high-resolution O(3) concentration reanalysis data, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns, population exposure risks, and dominant drivers of O(3) pollution in China from 2013 to 2018 utilizing trend analysis methods, spatial clustering models, exposure-response functions, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models (MGWR). RESULTS: The results show that the annual average O(3) concentration in China increased significantly at a rate of 1.84 μg/m(3)/year from 2013 to 2018 (160 μg/m(3)) in China increased from 1.2% in 2013 to 28.9% in 2018, and over 20,000 people suffered premature death from respiratory diseases attributed to O(3) exposure each year. Thus, the sustained increase in O(3) concentrations in China is an important factor contributing to the increasing threat to human health. Furthermore, the results of spatial regression models indicate that population, the share of secondary industry in GDP, NOx emissions, temperature, average wind speed, and relative humidity are important determinants of O(3) concentration variation and significant spatial differences are observed. DISCUSSION: The spatial differences of drivers result in the spatial heterogeneity of O(3) concentration and exposure risks in China. Therefore, the O(3) control policies adapted to various regions should be formulated in the future O(3) regulation process in China.
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spelling pubmed-100718622023-04-05 Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers He, Chao Wu, Qian Li, Bin Liu, Jianhua Gong, Xi Zhang, Lu Front Public Health Public Health INTRODUCTION: Within the context of the yearly improvement of particulate matter (PM) pollution in Chinese cities, Surface ozone (O(3)) concentrations are increasing instead of decreasing and are becoming the second most important air pollutant after PM. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O(3) can have adverse effects on human health. In-depth investigation of the spatiotemporal patterns, exposure risks, and drivers of O(3) is relevant for assessing the future health burden of O(3) pollution and implementing air pollution control policies in China. METHODS: Based on high-resolution O(3) concentration reanalysis data, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns, population exposure risks, and dominant drivers of O(3) pollution in China from 2013 to 2018 utilizing trend analysis methods, spatial clustering models, exposure-response functions, and multi-scale geographically weighted regression models (MGWR). RESULTS: The results show that the annual average O(3) concentration in China increased significantly at a rate of 1.84 μg/m(3)/year from 2013 to 2018 (160 μg/m(3)) in China increased from 1.2% in 2013 to 28.9% in 2018, and over 20,000 people suffered premature death from respiratory diseases attributed to O(3) exposure each year. Thus, the sustained increase in O(3) concentrations in China is an important factor contributing to the increasing threat to human health. Furthermore, the results of spatial regression models indicate that population, the share of secondary industry in GDP, NOx emissions, temperature, average wind speed, and relative humidity are important determinants of O(3) concentration variation and significant spatial differences are observed. DISCUSSION: The spatial differences of drivers result in the spatial heterogeneity of O(3) concentration and exposure risks in China. Therefore, the O(3) control policies adapted to various regions should be formulated in the future O(3) regulation process in China. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC10071862/ /pubmed/37026118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131753 Text en Copyright © 2023 He, Wu, Li, Liu, Gong and Zhang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
He, Chao
Wu, Qian
Li, Bin
Liu, Jianhua
Gong, Xi
Zhang, Lu
Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title_full Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title_fullStr Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title_full_unstemmed Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title_short Surface ozone pollution in China: Trends, exposure risks, and drivers
title_sort surface ozone pollution in china: trends, exposure risks, and drivers
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10071862/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37026118
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1131753
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