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Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study
Currently, there is little published data on the effects of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota and the consequences of such effects on treatment outcomes. The aim of the study: was to evaluate the growth kinetics of normal human gut microorganisms with antidepressants most common in routine cl...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10073483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37035624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132127 |
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author | Rukavishnikov, Grigory Leonova, Lubov Kasyanov, Evgeny Leonov, Vadim Neznanov, Nikholay Mazo, Galina |
author_facet | Rukavishnikov, Grigory Leonova, Lubov Kasyanov, Evgeny Leonov, Vadim Neznanov, Nikholay Mazo, Galina |
author_sort | Rukavishnikov, Grigory |
collection | PubMed |
description | Currently, there is little published data on the effects of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota and the consequences of such effects on treatment outcomes. The aim of the study: was to evaluate the growth kinetics of normal human gut microorganisms with antidepressants most common in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods: Research objects were species of microorganisms representing normal gut microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 24433, Bifidobacterium 791, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103. All microorganisms were cultivated in Schaedler broth (HiMedia) under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. The active substances of all studied antidepressants (fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, duloxetine, venlafaxine, mirtazapine) were extracted from ground preparations by dimethyl sulfoxide and centrifuged. Each solution of antidepressants was added to a Schaedler broth containing a certain microorganism’s strain and diluted to final concentrations—200 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 700 μg/ml. For a quantitative assessment of the effect, the specific growth rates (μ, h-1) of microorganisms were calculated as the slope of the initial part of the growth curve in coordinates (lnA, t). To evaluate the antidepressant effects on representatives of the normal microbiota in vitro, the following parameters were chosen: specific growth rate and IC50. Results: All antidepressants had an inhibitory effect on the growth of all studied microorganisms. Fluvoxamine and venlafaxine had the least effect on the growth activity of all studied microorganisms. Fluoxetine showed a pronounced effect on growth activity against E. coli, E. feacalis, S. aureus, and the least effect against C. albicans. Escitalopram had a greater effect on the growth rate of E. coli, E. feacalis, B. bifidum, L. rhamnosus, and C. albicans, which puts it among the leaders in terms of its effect on the growth activity of the microorganisms we studied. Mirtazapine, according to the results of our experiment, showed the greatest activity against L. rhamnosus and C. albicans. Conclusions: Our results confirm the effects of antidepressants on the growth activity of the normal gut microbiota individual strains. Further study of the antimicrobial activity of antidepressants may become one of the new directions for optimizing the personalized therapy of patients with depression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10073483 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100734832023-04-06 Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study Rukavishnikov, Grigory Leonova, Lubov Kasyanov, Evgeny Leonov, Vadim Neznanov, Nikholay Mazo, Galina Front Behav Neurosci Behavioral Neuroscience Currently, there is little published data on the effects of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota and the consequences of such effects on treatment outcomes. The aim of the study: was to evaluate the growth kinetics of normal human gut microorganisms with antidepressants most common in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods: Research objects were species of microorganisms representing normal gut microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 24433, Bifidobacterium 791, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103. All microorganisms were cultivated in Schaedler broth (HiMedia) under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. The active substances of all studied antidepressants (fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, escitalopram, duloxetine, venlafaxine, mirtazapine) were extracted from ground preparations by dimethyl sulfoxide and centrifuged. Each solution of antidepressants was added to a Schaedler broth containing a certain microorganism’s strain and diluted to final concentrations—200 μg/ml, 500 μg/ml, and 700 μg/ml. For a quantitative assessment of the effect, the specific growth rates (μ, h-1) of microorganisms were calculated as the slope of the initial part of the growth curve in coordinates (lnA, t). To evaluate the antidepressant effects on representatives of the normal microbiota in vitro, the following parameters were chosen: specific growth rate and IC50. Results: All antidepressants had an inhibitory effect on the growth of all studied microorganisms. Fluvoxamine and venlafaxine had the least effect on the growth activity of all studied microorganisms. Fluoxetine showed a pronounced effect on growth activity against E. coli, E. feacalis, S. aureus, and the least effect against C. albicans. Escitalopram had a greater effect on the growth rate of E. coli, E. feacalis, B. bifidum, L. rhamnosus, and C. albicans, which puts it among the leaders in terms of its effect on the growth activity of the microorganisms we studied. Mirtazapine, according to the results of our experiment, showed the greatest activity against L. rhamnosus and C. albicans. Conclusions: Our results confirm the effects of antidepressants on the growth activity of the normal gut microbiota individual strains. Further study of the antimicrobial activity of antidepressants may become one of the new directions for optimizing the personalized therapy of patients with depression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10073483/ /pubmed/37035624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132127 Text en Copyright © 2023 Rukavishnikov, Leonova, Kasyanov, Leonov, Neznanov and Mazo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Behavioral Neuroscience Rukavishnikov, Grigory Leonova, Lubov Kasyanov, Evgeny Leonov, Vadim Neznanov, Nikholay Mazo, Galina Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title | Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title_full | Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title_fullStr | Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title_short | Antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: Results of the in vitro study |
title_sort | antimicrobial activity of antidepressants on normal gut microbiota: results of the in vitro study |
topic | Behavioral Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10073483/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37035624 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1132127 |
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