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Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton

Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerati...

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Autores principales: Iwanski, Malina K., Kapitein, Lukas C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10073685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37035244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245
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author Iwanski, Malina K.
Kapitein, Lukas C.
author_facet Iwanski, Malina K.
Kapitein, Lukas C.
author_sort Iwanski, Malina K.
collection PubMed
description Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons.
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spelling pubmed-100736852023-04-06 Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton Iwanski, Malina K. Kapitein, Lukas C. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Microtubules, one of the major components of the cytoskeleton, play a crucial role during many aspects of neuronal development and function, such as neuronal polarization and axon outgrowth. Consequently, the microtubule cytoskeleton has been implicated in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature of microtubules is quintessential for their function, allowing them to serve as tracks for long-distance, directed intracellular transport by kinesin and dynein motors. Most of these motors move exclusively towards either the plus- or minus-end of a microtubule and some have been shown to have a preference for either dynamic or stable microtubules, those bearing a particular post-translational modification or those decorated by a specific microtubule-associated protein. Thus, it becomes important to consider the interplay of these features and their combinatorial effects on transport, as well as how different types of microtubules are organized in the cell. Here, we discuss microtubule subsets in terms of tubulin isotypes, tubulin post-translational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, microtubule stability or dynamicity, and microtubule orientation. We highlight techniques used to study these features of the microtubule cytoskeleton and, using the information from these studies, try to define the composition, role, and organization of some of these subsets in neurons. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC10073685/ /pubmed/37035244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245 Text en Copyright © 2023 Iwanski and Kapitein. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Iwanski, Malina K.
Kapitein, Lukas C.
Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title_full Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title_fullStr Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title_full_unstemmed Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title_short Cellular cartography: Towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
title_sort cellular cartography: towards an atlas of the neuronal microtubule cytoskeleton
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10073685/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37035244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1052245
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