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May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?

There has been an increasing number of reported cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children since first reported on March 31, 2022. This clinical syndrome is identified by jaundice and markedly elevated liver enzymes with increased aspartate transaminase and/or alanine...

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Autores principales: Elbeltagi, Reem, Al-Beltagi, Mohammed, Saeed, Nermin Kamal, Bediwy, Adel Salah, Toema, Osama
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10075009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37034240
http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.364
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author Elbeltagi, Reem
Al-Beltagi, Mohammed
Saeed, Nermin Kamal
Bediwy, Adel Salah
Toema, Osama
author_facet Elbeltagi, Reem
Al-Beltagi, Mohammed
Saeed, Nermin Kamal
Bediwy, Adel Salah
Toema, Osama
author_sort Elbeltagi, Reem
collection PubMed
description There has been an increasing number of reported cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children since first reported on March 31, 2022. This clinical syndrome is identified by jaundice and markedly elevated liver enzymes with increased aspartate transaminase and/or alanine aminotransaminase (greater than 500 IU/L). We conducted an inclusive literature review with respect to acute hepatitis outbreaks in children using the search terms acute hepatitis, outbreak, children, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adenovirus. According to the cumulative data presented in four main studies, the median age is 4 years, with a male predominance (1.3:1). Jaundice was the most common clinical manifestation (69%), followed by vomiting (63%), anorexia (52.9%), diarrhea (47.2%), abdominal pain (39%), pyrexia (33.3%), pale stool (30%), and dark urine (30%). Coryza and lethargy were reported in 16.6%, while pruritus was reported in 2% of cases. Acute liver failure was observed in 25% of cases. The exact mechanism of this acute hepatitis outbreak is still not entirely clear. Adenoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were detected in a significant number of patients. Coinfection with adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 could be a possible underlying mechanism. However, other possible infections and mechanisms must be considered in the pathogenesis of this condition. Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children has been a serious problem since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic but has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Many questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms leading to acute liver failure in children, and it is likely that extensive future research is needed.
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spelling pubmed-100750092023-04-06 May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses? Elbeltagi, Reem Al-Beltagi, Mohammed Saeed, Nermin Kamal Bediwy, Adel Salah Toema, Osama World J Hepatol Minireviews There has been an increasing number of reported cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children since first reported on March 31, 2022. This clinical syndrome is identified by jaundice and markedly elevated liver enzymes with increased aspartate transaminase and/or alanine aminotransaminase (greater than 500 IU/L). We conducted an inclusive literature review with respect to acute hepatitis outbreaks in children using the search terms acute hepatitis, outbreak, children, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adenovirus. According to the cumulative data presented in four main studies, the median age is 4 years, with a male predominance (1.3:1). Jaundice was the most common clinical manifestation (69%), followed by vomiting (63%), anorexia (52.9%), diarrhea (47.2%), abdominal pain (39%), pyrexia (33.3%), pale stool (30%), and dark urine (30%). Coryza and lethargy were reported in 16.6%, while pruritus was reported in 2% of cases. Acute liver failure was observed in 25% of cases. The exact mechanism of this acute hepatitis outbreak is still not entirely clear. Adenoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were detected in a significant number of patients. Coinfection with adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 could be a possible underlying mechanism. However, other possible infections and mechanisms must be considered in the pathogenesis of this condition. Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children has been a serious problem since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic but has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Many questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms leading to acute liver failure in children, and it is likely that extensive future research is needed. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2023-03-27 2023-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10075009/ /pubmed/37034240 http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.364 Text en ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial.
spellingShingle Minireviews
Elbeltagi, Reem
Al-Beltagi, Mohammed
Saeed, Nermin Kamal
Bediwy, Adel Salah
Toema, Osama
May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title_full May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title_fullStr May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title_full_unstemmed May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title_short May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?
title_sort may 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for covid-19 and other viruses?
topic Minireviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10075009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37034240
http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.364
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