Serum and peritoneal biomarkers for the early prediction of symptomatic anastomotic leakage in patients following laparoscopic low anterior resection: A single‐center prospective cohort study

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the common complications after rectal cancer surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the combination of biomarkers for the early prediction of symptomatic AL after surgery. METHODS: A prospective cohort study evaluated the serum and peritoneal biomarkers of patients who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection (Lap LAR) from November 1, 2021, to May 1, 2022. Multivariate‐penalized logistic regression was performed to explore the independent biomarker with a P‐value <.1, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the independent biomarkers. A predictive model for symptomatic AL was built based on the independent biomarkers and was visualized with a nomogram. The calibration curve with the concordance index (c‐index) was further applied to evaluate the efficacy of the predictive model. RESULTS: A total of 157 patients were included in this study, and 7 (4.5%) were diagnosed with symptomatic AL. C‐reactive protein/album ratio (CAR) on postoperative day 1 and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and peritoneal interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) on postoperative day 3 were proven to be independent predictors for the early prediction of symptomatic AL. The optimal cutoff values of CAR, SII, and peritoneal IL‐6 were 1.04, 916.99, and 26430.09 pg/ml, respectively. Finally, the nomogram, including these predictors, was established, and the c‐index of this nomogram was 0.812, indicating that the nomogram could be used for potential clinical reference. CONCLUSION: The combination of CAR, SII, and peritoneal IL‐6 might contribute to the early prediction of symptomatic AL in patients following Lap LAR. Given the limitations of this study and the emergence of other novel biomarkers, multicenter prospective studies are worthy of further exploration.