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Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study

Between 1990 and 2016 the number of adolescents with anemia world-wide increased by 20% to almost one in four. Iron deficiency in adolescence results in compromised growth, decreased cognitive function, and depressed immune function, and can increase the risk of negative outcomes in pregnancy, espec...

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Autores principales: Gillespie, Bronwen, Katageri, Geetanjali, Salam, Shumona, Ramadurg, Umesh, Patil, Shrinivas, Mhetri, Jayaraj, Charantimath, Umesh, Goudar, Shivaprasad, Dandappanavar, Ashwini, Karadiguddi, Chandrashekhar, Mallapur, Ashalata, Vastrad, Phaniraj, Roy, Subarna, Peerapur, Basavaraj, Anumba, Dilly
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10075435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37018289
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283631
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author Gillespie, Bronwen
Katageri, Geetanjali
Salam, Shumona
Ramadurg, Umesh
Patil, Shrinivas
Mhetri, Jayaraj
Charantimath, Umesh
Goudar, Shivaprasad
Dandappanavar, Ashwini
Karadiguddi, Chandrashekhar
Mallapur, Ashalata
Vastrad, Phaniraj
Roy, Subarna
Peerapur, Basavaraj
Anumba, Dilly
author_facet Gillespie, Bronwen
Katageri, Geetanjali
Salam, Shumona
Ramadurg, Umesh
Patil, Shrinivas
Mhetri, Jayaraj
Charantimath, Umesh
Goudar, Shivaprasad
Dandappanavar, Ashwini
Karadiguddi, Chandrashekhar
Mallapur, Ashalata
Vastrad, Phaniraj
Roy, Subarna
Peerapur, Basavaraj
Anumba, Dilly
author_sort Gillespie, Bronwen
collection PubMed
description Between 1990 and 2016 the number of adolescents with anemia world-wide increased by 20% to almost one in four. Iron deficiency in adolescence results in compromised growth, decreased cognitive function, and depressed immune function, and can increase the risk of negative outcomes in pregnancy, especially in the case of young adolescents. In India, despite several decades of governmental investment in anemia prevention and treatment, more than half of women of reproductive age are anemic, with rates even higher in the adolescent population. Although awareness of adolescence as a nutrition-sensitive developmental stage is increasing, there is a lack of qualitative research on the perspectives of adolescents and families on anemia and related services. In this study, we explored the issues influencing adolescents’ awareness of anemia in three rural areas of Karnataka. Sixty-four in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted with adolescents (those who had never been pregnant, pregnant adolescents, and young mothers), community members, and nutrition-related service providers in the health and education sectors. An inductive analytical approach was used. We found that adolescent girls, particularly those who have not experienced pregnancy or motherhood, had very low awareness of anemia. State programs including school-based distribution of iron and folic acid supplements and nutrition talks were not seen to be resulting in knowledge and acceptance of the importance of preventing anemia. Pregnancy represents a turning point in which adolescents are systematically tested for anemia as part of routine antenatal care, increasing their awareness of, and access to, treatment for the condition. At the same time, pregnancy represents to family and community a period to insist on a nutritious diet. For progress in anemia reduction to be made, improved age-appropriate measures specific for adolescence are required. Improving school-based nutrition outreach is an important opportunity to reach adolescents.
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spelling pubmed-100754352023-04-06 Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study Gillespie, Bronwen Katageri, Geetanjali Salam, Shumona Ramadurg, Umesh Patil, Shrinivas Mhetri, Jayaraj Charantimath, Umesh Goudar, Shivaprasad Dandappanavar, Ashwini Karadiguddi, Chandrashekhar Mallapur, Ashalata Vastrad, Phaniraj Roy, Subarna Peerapur, Basavaraj Anumba, Dilly PLoS One Research Article Between 1990 and 2016 the number of adolescents with anemia world-wide increased by 20% to almost one in four. Iron deficiency in adolescence results in compromised growth, decreased cognitive function, and depressed immune function, and can increase the risk of negative outcomes in pregnancy, especially in the case of young adolescents. In India, despite several decades of governmental investment in anemia prevention and treatment, more than half of women of reproductive age are anemic, with rates even higher in the adolescent population. Although awareness of adolescence as a nutrition-sensitive developmental stage is increasing, there is a lack of qualitative research on the perspectives of adolescents and families on anemia and related services. In this study, we explored the issues influencing adolescents’ awareness of anemia in three rural areas of Karnataka. Sixty-four in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted with adolescents (those who had never been pregnant, pregnant adolescents, and young mothers), community members, and nutrition-related service providers in the health and education sectors. An inductive analytical approach was used. We found that adolescent girls, particularly those who have not experienced pregnancy or motherhood, had very low awareness of anemia. State programs including school-based distribution of iron and folic acid supplements and nutrition talks were not seen to be resulting in knowledge and acceptance of the importance of preventing anemia. Pregnancy represents a turning point in which adolescents are systematically tested for anemia as part of routine antenatal care, increasing their awareness of, and access to, treatment for the condition. At the same time, pregnancy represents to family and community a period to insist on a nutritious diet. For progress in anemia reduction to be made, improved age-appropriate measures specific for adolescence are required. Improving school-based nutrition outreach is an important opportunity to reach adolescents. Public Library of Science 2023-04-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10075435/ /pubmed/37018289 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283631 Text en © 2023 Gillespie et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gillespie, Bronwen
Katageri, Geetanjali
Salam, Shumona
Ramadurg, Umesh
Patil, Shrinivas
Mhetri, Jayaraj
Charantimath, Umesh
Goudar, Shivaprasad
Dandappanavar, Ashwini
Karadiguddi, Chandrashekhar
Mallapur, Ashalata
Vastrad, Phaniraj
Roy, Subarna
Peerapur, Basavaraj
Anumba, Dilly
Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title_full Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title_fullStr Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title_full_unstemmed Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title_short Attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in Karnataka, India: A qualitative study
title_sort attention for and awareness of anemia in adolescents in karnataka, india: a qualitative study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10075435/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37018289
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283631
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