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Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study

PURPOSE: To identify the dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among adult people in urban and rural areas of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A total of 2,483 participants aged 25–64 years were selected using a three-stage random sampling. Data for this study w...

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Autores principales: Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos, Loha, Eskindir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37032774
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1074296
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author Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos
Loha, Eskindir
author_facet Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos
Loha, Eskindir
author_sort Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: To identify the dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among adult people in urban and rural areas of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A total of 2,483 participants aged 25–64 years were selected using a three-stage random sampling. Data for this study were collected using structured questionnaires, the previous 24-h dietary intake assessment, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements. We used factor analysis to identify dietary patterns. Factors associated with dietary patterns were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The adjusted regression coefficients with their 95% CI were used to ascertain the association. RESULT: We identified three major dietary patterns that explained 51% of the variance in food consumption. The western dietary pattern was characterized by the consumption of meat/organ meat, biscuits/sweets, chicken stew, pasta-macaroni recipes, butter, white wheat bread, egg recipe, and Ethiopian dish shiro-wet, and was positively associated with urban residence, obesity, hypertension, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels. Adherence to the consumption of tubers, whole-grain maize products, coffee leaves-and-herbs beverage, legumes, and sweet potatoes featured the traditional dietary pattern. The traditional dietary pattern showed a positive relationship with rural residence, physical activity, and obesity, and it had a negative relationship with hypertension. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by the intake of green leafy vegetables, green pepper, and whole-grain maize products, and negatively related to obesity, and hypertension, while positively related to urban residence. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of western, traditional, and healthy dietary patterns in the present study indicates the transition to a new dietary pattern in the study area. All dietary patterns were associated with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, but the western dietary pattern was associated with most of these, while the traditional diet showed fewer such associations. Therefore, it might be useful to promote healthy and traditional dietary patterns along with physical activity. Interventions related to the current findings, if initiated early in life, may benefit the public in preventing cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2-diabetes.
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spelling pubmed-100766052023-04-07 Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos Loha, Eskindir Front Nutr Nutrition PURPOSE: To identify the dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors among adult people in urban and rural areas of Wolaita, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A total of 2,483 participants aged 25–64 years were selected using a three-stage random sampling. Data for this study were collected using structured questionnaires, the previous 24-h dietary intake assessment, anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements. We used factor analysis to identify dietary patterns. Factors associated with dietary patterns were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The adjusted regression coefficients with their 95% CI were used to ascertain the association. RESULT: We identified three major dietary patterns that explained 51% of the variance in food consumption. The western dietary pattern was characterized by the consumption of meat/organ meat, biscuits/sweets, chicken stew, pasta-macaroni recipes, butter, white wheat bread, egg recipe, and Ethiopian dish shiro-wet, and was positively associated with urban residence, obesity, hypertension, blood glucose, and total cholesterol levels. Adherence to the consumption of tubers, whole-grain maize products, coffee leaves-and-herbs beverage, legumes, and sweet potatoes featured the traditional dietary pattern. The traditional dietary pattern showed a positive relationship with rural residence, physical activity, and obesity, and it had a negative relationship with hypertension. The healthy dietary pattern was characterized by the intake of green leafy vegetables, green pepper, and whole-grain maize products, and negatively related to obesity, and hypertension, while positively related to urban residence. CONCLUSION: The coexistence of western, traditional, and healthy dietary patterns in the present study indicates the transition to a new dietary pattern in the study area. All dietary patterns were associated with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, but the western dietary pattern was associated with most of these, while the traditional diet showed fewer such associations. Therefore, it might be useful to promote healthy and traditional dietary patterns along with physical activity. Interventions related to the current findings, if initiated early in life, may benefit the public in preventing cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and type 2-diabetes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10076605/ /pubmed/37032774 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1074296 Text en Copyright © 2023 Kumma and Loha. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Kumma, Wondimagegn Paulos
Loha, Eskindir
Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title_full Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title_short Dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
title_sort dietary patterns and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076605/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37032774
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1074296
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