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Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022
BACKGROUND: Though the use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home testing kits is increasing, individuals who use home tests are not accounted for in publicly reported COVID-19 metrics. As the pandemic and the methods for tracking cases evolve, it is critical to understand who the individuals e...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37033055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1058644 |
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author | Dorabawila, Vajeera Barnes, Virgile Ramesh, Nirmala Hoen, Rebecca Sommer, Jamie Robbins, Amy Backenson, Byron Lutterloh, Emily Hoefer, Dina Rosenberg, Eli |
author_facet | Dorabawila, Vajeera Barnes, Virgile Ramesh, Nirmala Hoen, Rebecca Sommer, Jamie Robbins, Amy Backenson, Byron Lutterloh, Emily Hoefer, Dina Rosenberg, Eli |
author_sort | Dorabawila, Vajeera |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Though the use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home testing kits is increasing, individuals who use home tests are not accounted for in publicly reported COVID-19 metrics. As the pandemic and the methods for tracking cases evolve, it is critical to understand who the individuals excluded are, due to their use of home testing kits, relative to those included in the reported metrics. METHODS: Five New York State databases were linked to investigate trends in home-tested COVID-19 cases vs. laboratory-confirmed cases from November 2021 to April 2022. Frequency distributions, multivariate logistic regression adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare the characteristics of the home-tested and laboratory-tested people. RESULTS: Of the 591,227 confirmed COVID-19 cases interviewed, 71,531 (12%) of them underwent home tests, 515,001 (87%) underwent laboratory tests, and 5,695 (1%) underwent both home tests and laboratory tests during this period. Home-tested COVID-19 cases increased from only 1% in November 2021 to 22% in April 2022. Children aged 5–11 years with an aOR of 3.74 (95% CI: 3.53, 3.96) and adolescents aged 12–17 years with an aOR of 3.24 (95% CI: 3.07, 3.43) were more likely to undergo only home tests compared to adults aged 65 years and above. On the one hand, those who were “boosted” (aOR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.82, 1.93), those in K-12 school settings (aOR 2.33, 95% CI: 2.27, 2.40), or those who were possibly infected by a household member (aOR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22) were more likely to report home testing instead of laboratory testing. On the other hand, individuals who were hospitalized (aOR 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.06), who had underlying conditions (aOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87), who were pregnant (aOR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.86), and who were Hispanic (aOR 0.50: 95% CI: 0.48, 0.53), Asian (aOR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.34), or Black (aOR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42, 047) were less likely to choose home testing over laboratory testing. CONCLUSION: The percentage of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 who used only home testing kits continues to rise. People who used only home testing were less likely to be hospitalized and were those with a lower likelihood of developing a severe disease given factors such as age, vaccination status, and underlying conditions. Thus, the official COVID-19 metrics primarily reflected individuals with severe illness or the potential for severe illness. There may be racial and ethnic differences in the use of home testing vs. laboratory testing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10076856 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-100768562023-04-07 Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 Dorabawila, Vajeera Barnes, Virgile Ramesh, Nirmala Hoen, Rebecca Sommer, Jamie Robbins, Amy Backenson, Byron Lutterloh, Emily Hoefer, Dina Rosenberg, Eli Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: Though the use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) home testing kits is increasing, individuals who use home tests are not accounted for in publicly reported COVID-19 metrics. As the pandemic and the methods for tracking cases evolve, it is critical to understand who the individuals excluded are, due to their use of home testing kits, relative to those included in the reported metrics. METHODS: Five New York State databases were linked to investigate trends in home-tested COVID-19 cases vs. laboratory-confirmed cases from November 2021 to April 2022. Frequency distributions, multivariate logistic regression adjusted odds ratios (aOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to compare the characteristics of the home-tested and laboratory-tested people. RESULTS: Of the 591,227 confirmed COVID-19 cases interviewed, 71,531 (12%) of them underwent home tests, 515,001 (87%) underwent laboratory tests, and 5,695 (1%) underwent both home tests and laboratory tests during this period. Home-tested COVID-19 cases increased from only 1% in November 2021 to 22% in April 2022. Children aged 5–11 years with an aOR of 3.74 (95% CI: 3.53, 3.96) and adolescents aged 12–17 years with an aOR of 3.24 (95% CI: 3.07, 3.43) were more likely to undergo only home tests compared to adults aged 65 years and above. On the one hand, those who were “boosted” (aOR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.82, 1.93), those in K-12 school settings (aOR 2.33, 95% CI: 2.27, 2.40), or those who were possibly infected by a household member (aOR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.22) were more likely to report home testing instead of laboratory testing. On the other hand, individuals who were hospitalized (aOR 0.04, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.06), who had underlying conditions (aOR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87), who were pregnant (aOR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.86), and who were Hispanic (aOR 0.50: 95% CI: 0.48, 0.53), Asian (aOR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.34), or Black (aOR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42, 047) were less likely to choose home testing over laboratory testing. CONCLUSION: The percentage of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 who used only home testing kits continues to rise. People who used only home testing were less likely to be hospitalized and were those with a lower likelihood of developing a severe disease given factors such as age, vaccination status, and underlying conditions. Thus, the official COVID-19 metrics primarily reflected individuals with severe illness or the potential for severe illness. There may be racial and ethnic differences in the use of home testing vs. laboratory testing. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10076856/ /pubmed/37033055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1058644 Text en Copyright © 2023 Dorabawila, Barnes, Ramesh, Hoen, Sommer, Robbins, Backenson, Lutterloh, Hoefer and Rosenberg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Dorabawila, Vajeera Barnes, Virgile Ramesh, Nirmala Hoen, Rebecca Sommer, Jamie Robbins, Amy Backenson, Byron Lutterloh, Emily Hoefer, Dina Rosenberg, Eli Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title | Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title_full | Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title_fullStr | Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title_short | Comparison of COVID-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in New York State (excluding New York City), November 2021 to April 2022 |
title_sort | comparison of covid-19 home-testers vs. laboratory-testers in new york state (excluding new york city), november 2021 to april 2022 |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076856/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37033055 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1058644 |
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